Articles

Koala retrovirus diversity, transmissibility, and disease associations

Koalas are infected with the koala retrovirus (KoRV) that exists as exogenous or endogenous viruses. KoRV is genetically diverse with co-infection with up to ten envelope subtypes (A-J) possible; KoRV-A is the...

Authors: HaoQiang Zheng, Yi Pan, Shaohua Tang, Geoffrey W. Pye, Cynthia K. Stadler, Larry Vogelnest, Kimberly Vinette Herrin, Bruce A. Rideout and William M. Switzer

Increased HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance with consistent clade homogeneity among ART-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Ethiopia

The development of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) is becoming an obstacle to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Besides, data from developing settings including Ethiopia is still limited. Therefo...

Authors: Mulugeta Kiros, Dawit Hailu Alemayehu, Eleni Geberekidan, Adane Mihret, Melanie Maier, Woldaregay Erku Abegaz and Andargachew Mulu

HIV and the tuberculosis “set point”: how HIV impairs alveolar macrophage responses to tuberculosis and sets the stage for progressive disease

As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened...

Authors: Sara C. Auld and Bashar S. Staitieh

Alpha-enolase in viral target cells suppresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration

A protein exhibiting more than one biochemical function is termed a moonlighting protein. Glycolytic enzymes are typical moonlighting proteins, and these enzymes control the infection of various viruses. Previ...

Authors: Naoki Kishimoto, Kengo Yamamoto, Nozomi Iga, Chie Kirihara, Towa Abe, Nobutoki Takamune and Shogo Misumi

A novel positive feedback-loop between the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax and NF-κB activity in T-cells

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects primarily CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes and evoques severe diseases, predominantly Adult T-Cell Leukemia/ Lymphoma (ATL/L) and HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/ Tropical Spast...

Authors: Sebastian Millen, Lina Meretuk, Tim Göttlicher, Sarah Schmitt, Bernhard Fleckenstein and Andrea K. Thoma-Kress

HLA-B*35 as a new marker for susceptibility to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in patients living in Argentina

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV associated myelopathy/ Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), in around 2–5% of the i...

Authors: Paula Benencio, Sindy A. Fraile Gonzalez, Nicolás Ducasa, Kimberly Page, Carolina A. Berini and Mirna M. Biglione

Influence of the amino-terminal sequence on the structure and function of HIV integrase

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can mitigate the morbidity and mortality caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Successful development of ART can be accelerated by accurate structural and biochemical d...

Authors: Grant Eilers, Kushol Gupta, Audrey Allen, Jeffrey Zhou, Young Hwang, Michael B. Cory, Frederic D. Bushman and Gregory Van Duyne

Interferon regulatory factor 4 as a therapeutic target in adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma

Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a chemotherapy-resistant malignancy with a median survival of less than one year that will afflict between one hundred thousand and one million individuals worldwide wh...

Authors: Daniel A. Rauch, Sydney L. Olson, John C. Harding, Hemalatha Sundaramoorthi, Youngsoo Kim, Tianyuan Zhou, A. Robert MacLeod, Grant Challen and Lee Ratner

Establishment of a novel diagnostic test algorithm for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection with line immunoassay replacement of western blotting: a collaborative study for performance evaluation of diagnostic assays in Japan

The reliable diagnosis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is important, particularly as it can be vertically transmitted by breast feeding mothers to their infants. However, current diagn...

Authors: Kazu Okuma, Madoka Kuramitsu, Toshihiro Niwa, Tomokuni Taniguchi, Yumiko Masaki, Gohzoh Ueda, Chieko Matsumoto, Rieko Sobata, Yasuko Sagara, Hitomi Nakamura, Masahiro Satake, Kiyonori Miura, Naoki Fuchi, Hideaki Masuzaki, Akihiko Okayama, Kazumi Umeki…

Dynamic nanopore long-read sequencing analysis of HIV-1 splicing events during the early steps of infection

Alternative splicing is a key step in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication that is tightly regulated both temporally and spatially. More than 50 different transcripts can be generated from a...

Authors: Nam Nguyen Quang, Sophie Goudey, Emmanuel Ségéral, Ammara Mohammad, Sophie Lemoine, Corinne Blugeon, Margaux Versapuech, Jean-Christophe Paillart, Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent, Stéphane Emiliani and Sarah Gallois-Montbrun

Longitudinal analysis of subtype C envelope tropism for memory CD4⁺ T cell subsets over the first 3 years of untreated HIV-1 infection

HIV-1 infects a wide range of CD4⁺ T cells with different phenotypic properties and differing expression levels of entry coreceptors. We sought to determine the viral tropism of subtype C (C-HIV) Envelope (Env) c...

Authors: Matthew J. Gartner, Paul R. Gorry, Carolin Tumpach, Jingling Zhou, Ashanti Dantanarayana, J. Judy Chang, Thomas A. Angelovich, Paula Ellenberg, Annemarie E. Laumaea, Molati Nonyane, Penny L. Moore, Sharon R. Lewin, Melissa J. Churchill, Jacqueline K. Flynn and Michael Roche

Correction to: HIV-1 IN/Pol recruits LEDGF/p75 into viral particles

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Belete Ayele Desimmie, Caroline Weydert, Rik Schrijvers, Sofie Vets, Jonas Demeulemeester, Paul Proost, Igor Paron, Jan De Rijck, Jan Mast, Norbert Bannert, Rik Gijsbers, Frauke Christ and Zeger Debyser

Correction to: LEDGINs inhibit late stage HIV-1 replication by modulating integrase multimerization in the virions

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Belete Ayele Desimmie, Rik Schrijvers, Jonas Demeulemeester, Doortje Borrenberghs, Caroline Weydert, Wannes Thys, Sofie Vets, Barbara Van Remoortel, Johan Hofkens, Jan De Rijck, Jelle Hendrix, Norbert Bannert, Rik Gijsbers, Frauke Christ and Zeger Debyser

The KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2020: Tatyana Golovkina

Authors:

M-Sec facilitates intercellular transmission of HIV-1 through multiple mechanisms

HIV-1 promotes the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that connect distant cells, aiding cell-to-cell viral transmission between macrophages. Our recent study suggests that the cellular protein M-Sec play...

Authors: Sameh Lotfi, Hesham Nasser, Osamu Noyori, Masateru Hiyoshi, Hiroaki Takeuchi, Yoshio Koyanagi and Shinya Suzu

Variations in Trim5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 elite controllers and non controllers in Uganda: a laboratory-based cross-sectional study

Tripartite Motif Containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α), a restriction factor produced ubiquitously in cells and tissues of the body plays an important role in the immune response against HIV. TRIM5α targets the HIV caps...

Authors: Sharon Bright Amanya, Brian Nyiro, Francis Waswa, Bonniface Obura, Rebecca Nakaziba, Eva Nabulime, Ashaba Fred Katabazi, Rose Nabatanzi, Alice Bayiyana, Gerald Mboowa, Alex Kayongo, Misaki Wayengera and Obondo J. Sande

Increased expression of CDKN1A/p21 in HIV-1 controllers is correlated with upregulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1

Some multifunctional cellular proteins, as the monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (ZC3H12A/MCPIP1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A/p21, are able to modulate the cellular susceptibi...

Authors: Suwellen S. D. de Azevedo, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Fernanda H. Côrtes, Edson Delatorre, Lucia Spangenberg, Hugo Naya, Leonardo N. Seito, Brenda Hoagland, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea G. Veloso, Mariza G. Morgado, Thiago Moreno L. Souza and Gonzalo Bello

HIV-1 subtype C transmitted founders modulate dendritic cell inflammatory responses

Heterosexual transmission remains the main route of HIV-1 transmission and female genital tract (FGT) inflammation increases the risk of infection. However, the mechanism(s) by which inflammation facilitates i...

Authors: Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena, Simon Metenou, Lindi Masson, Claudia Cicala, James Arthos and Zenda Woodman

MxB impedes the NUP358-mediated HIV-1 pre-integration complex nuclear import and viral replication cooperatively with CPSF6

The human myxovirus resistance 2 (Mx2/MxB) protein was originally found to regulate cytoplasmic-nuclear transport but was recently reported to restrict HIV-1 replication by binding to HIV-1 capsid (CA), preven...

Authors: Linlin Xie, Lang Chen, Chaojie Zhong, Ting Yu, Zhao Ju, Meirong Wang, Hairong Xiong, Yan Zeng, Jianhua Wang, Haitao Hu, Wei Hou and Yong Feng

Frequent horizontal and mother-to-child transmission may contribute to high prevalence of STLV-1 infection in Japanese macaques

Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is disseminated among various non-human primate species and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell l...

Authors: Megumi Murata, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, Ayaka Washizaki, Yohei Seki, Madoka Kuramitsu, Wei Keat Tan, Anna Hu, Kazu Okuma, Isao Hamaguchi, Takuo Mizukami, Masao Matsuoka and Hirofumi Akari

Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more prone to systemic inflammation and pathological clotting, and many may develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as a result of this dysregulated...

Authors: Brandon S. Jackson, Julien Nunes Goncalves and Etheresia Pretorius

Non-active site mutants of HIV-1 protease influence resistance and sensitisation towards protease inhibitors

HIV-1 can develop resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mainly through mutations within the target regions of the drugs. In HIV-1 protease, a majority of resistance-associated mutations that develop in response ...

Authors: Tomas Bastys, Vytautas Gapsys, Hauke Walter, Eva Heger, Nadezhda T. Doncheva, Rolf Kaiser, Bert L. de Groot and Olga V. Kalinina

Generation and validation of a highly sensitive bioluminescent HIV-1 reporter vector that simplifies measurement of virus release

The continued persistence of HIV-1 as a public health concern due to the lack of a cure calls for the development of new tools for studying replication of the virus. Here, we used NanoLuc, a small and extremel...

Authors: James Kirui and Eric O. Freed

Functional properties and sequence variation of HTLV-1 p13

Human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus found to cause cancer in humans, but the mechanisms that drive the development of leukemia and other diseases associated with HTLV-1 infecti...

Authors: Maria Omsland, Micol Silic-Benussi, Ramona Moles, Sarkis Sarkis, Damian F. J. Purcell, David Yurick, Georges Khoury, Donna M. D’Agostino, Vincenzo Ciminale and Genoveffa Franchini

Identification of the distribution of human endogenous retroviruses K (HML-2) by PCR-based target enrichment sequencing

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), suspected to be transposition-defective, may reshape the transcriptional network of the human genome by regulatory elements distributed in their long terminal repeats (LT...

Authors: Bei Xue, Tiansheng Zeng, Lisha Jia, Dongsheng Yang, Stanley L. Lin, Leonardo A. Sechi and David J. Kelvin

The three lives of Pierre Boulanger

Authors: Nathalie Chazal, Hugues de Rocquigny, Philippe Roussel, Serge Bouaziz, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Jean-François Delfraissy and Jean-Luc Darlix

Moving beyond the mousetrap: current and emerging humanized mouse and rat models for investigating prevention and cure strategies against HIV infection and associated pathologies

The development of safe and effective combination antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past several decades has significantly reduced HIV-associated morbidity and ...

Authors: Yash Agarwal, Cole Beatty, Shivkumar Biradar, Isabella Castronova, Sara Ho, Kevin Melody and Moses Turkle Bility

Benefits and limitations of humanized mice in HIV persistence studies

Significant advances in the treatment of HIV infection have been made in the last three decades. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now potent enough to prevent virus replication and stop disease progression. How...

Authors: Matthew D. Marsden

DDX5 potentiates HIV-1 transcription as a co-factor of Tat

HIV-1 does not encode a helicase and hijacks those of the cell for efficient replication. We and others previously showed that the DEAD box helicase, DDX5, is an essential HIV dependency factor. DDX5 was recen...

Authors: Nyaradzai Sithole, Claire A. Williams, Truus E. M. Abbink and Andrew M. L. Lever

Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) as a maintenance therapy for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive mature lymphoid proliferation associated with poor prognosis. Standard of care includes chemotherapy and/or the combination of zidovudine and interferon-al...

Authors: Ambroise Marçais, Lucy Cook, Aviva Witkover, Vahid Asnafi, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Richard Delarue, Morgane Cheminant, David Sibon, Laurent Frenzel, Hugues de Thé, Charles R. M. Bangham, Ali Bazarbachi, Olivier Hermine and Felipe Suarez

The challenge of describing the epidemiology of HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil

HTLV-1 was the first described human retrovirus and was soon found to be associated with severe clinical diseases, including a devastating lymphoma/leukemia and other inflammatory diseases. Although HTLV-2 is ...

Authors: Ricardo Ishak, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak and Antonio Carlos R. Vallinoto

The KT Jeang Retrovirology Prize 2020: call for nominations

Authors: Susan R. Ross, Johnson Mak and Ariberto Fassati

Longitudinal within-host evolution of HIV Nef-mediated CD4, HLA and SERINC5 downregulation activity: a case study

The HIV accessory protein Nef downregulates the viral entry receptor CD4, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-A and -B molecules, the Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) protein and other molecules from the infected...

Authors: Hanwei Sudderuddin, Natalie N. Kinloch, Steven W. Jin, Rachel L. Miller, Bradley R. Jones, Chanson J. Brumme, Jeffrey B. Joy, Mark A. Brockman and Zabrina L. Brumme

HTLV-1 bZIP factor: the key viral gene for pathogenesis

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and inflammatory diseases. The HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) gene is constantly expressed in HTLV-1 infected cells and ATL cel...

Authors: Masao Matsuoka and Jean-Michel Mesnard

An insight to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) pathogenesis; evidence from high-throughput data integration and meta-analysis

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the patho...

Authors: Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Mehran Piran, Mohadeseh Zarei-Ghobadi, Mohieddin Jafari, Seyed-Mohammad Jazayeri, Talat Mokhtari-Azad, Majid Teymoori-Rad, Narges Valizadeh, Hamid Farajifard, Mehdi Mirzaie, Azam Khamseh, Houshang Rafatpanah, Seyed-Abdolrahim Rezaee and Mehdi Norouzi

HTLV-1 infection of myeloid cells: from transmission to immune alterations

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the demyelinating neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spasti...

Authors: Brenda Rocamonde, Auriane Carcone, Renaud Mahieux and Hélène Dutartre

HTLV-1 CTCF-binding site is dispensable for in vitro immortalization and persistent infection in vivo

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and the neurological disorder HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The...

Authors: Michael P. Martinez, Xiaogang Cheng, Ancy Joseph, Jacob Al-Saleem, Amanda R. Panfil, Marilly Palettas, Wessel P. Dirksen, Lee Ratner and Patrick L. Green

Role of HTLV-1 orf-I encoded proteins in viral transmission and persistence

The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTVL-1), first reported in 1980 by Robert Gallo’s group, is the etiologic agent of both cancer and inflammatory diseases. Despite approximately 40 years of investigation...

Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Veronica Galli, Ramona Moles, David Yurick, Georges Khoury, Damian F. J. Purcell, Genoveffa Franchini and Cynthia A. Pise-Masison

p30 protein: a critical regulator of HTLV-1 viral latency and host immunity

The extraordinarily high prevalence of HTLV-1 subtype C (HTLV-1C) in some isolated indigenous communities in Oceania and the severity of the health conditions associated with the virus impress the great need f...

Authors: Ramona Moles, Sarkis Sarkis, Veronica Galli, Maria Omsland, Damian F. J. Purcell, David Yurick, Georges Khoury, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison and Genoveffa Franchini

STLV-1 as a model for studying HTLV-1 infection

Few years after HTLV-1 identification and isolation in humans, STLV-1, its simian counterpart, was discovered. It then became clear that STLV-1 is present almost in all simian species. Subsequent molecular epi...

Authors: Brice Jégado, Fatah Kashanchi, Hélène Dutartre and Renaud Mahieux

HIV-1 Rev interacts with HERV-K RcREs present in the human genome and promotes export of unspliced HERV-K proviral RNA

The HERV-K (HML-2) viruses are the youngest of the human endogenous retroviruses. They are present as several almost complete proviral copies and numerous fragments in the human genome. Many HERV-K proviruses ...

Authors: Laurie R. Gray, Rachel E. Jackson, Patrick E. H. Jackson, Stefan Bekiranov, David Rekosh and Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld

Molecular epidemiology, genetic variability and evolution of HTLV-1 with special emphasis on African genotypes

Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects at least 10 million people worldwide. HTLV-1 exhibits a remarkable genetic stability, however, viral strains have been classified in sever...

Authors: Philippe V. Afonso, Olivier Cassar and Antoine Gessain

HTLV-1 contains a high CG dinucleotide content and is susceptible to the host antiviral protein ZAP

Human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with human diseases such as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. In contrast to...

Authors: Paola Miyazato, Misaki Matsuo, Benjy J. Y. Tan, Michiyo Tokunaga, Hiroo Katsuya, Saiful Islam, Jumpei Ito, Yasuhiro Murakawa and Yorifumi Satou

Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment

Life expectancy is increasing in the HIV-positive population and age-related non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, (CVD) are seen more frequently. This study investigated to what extent HI...

Authors: Alinda G. Vos, Klariska Hoeve, Roos E. Barth, Joyce Peper, Michelle Moorhouse, Nigel J. Crowther, Willem D. F. Venter, Diederick E. Grobbee, Michiel L. Bots and Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch

Mutations of Glu560 within HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein N-terminal heptad repeat region contribute to resistance to peptide inhibitors of virus entry

Peptides corresponding to N- and C-terminal heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2, respectively) of gp41 can inhibit HIV-1 infection in a dominant negative manner by interfering with refolding of the viral HR1 an...

Authors: Chen Yuan, Jia-Ye Wang, Hai-Jiao Zhao, Yan Li, Di Li, Hong Ling and Min Zhuang

Immunovirological markers in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)

Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus and infects approximately 10–20 million people worldwide. While the majority of infected people are asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1, only 4% of ...

Authors: Yoshimi Enose-Akahata and Steven Jacobson

Restriction factors in human retrovirus infections and the unprecedented case of CIITA as link of intrinsic and adaptive immunity against HTLV-1

Immunity against pathogens evolved through complex mechanisms that only for sake of simplicity are defined as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Indeed innate and adaptive immunity are strongly intertwined...

Authors: Greta Forlani, Mariam Shallak, Elise Ramia, Alessandra Tedeschi and Roberto S. Accolla

Deltaretroviruses have circulated since at least the Paleogene and infected a broad range of mammalian species

The Deltaretrovirus genus of retroviruses (family Retroviridae) includes the human T cell leukemia viruses and bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Relatively little is known about the biology and evolution of these viru...

Authors: Tomáš Hron, Daniel Elleder and Robert J. Gifford

Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency

HIV-infected cell lines are widely used to study latent HIV infection, which is considered the main barrier to HIV cure. We hypothesized that these cell lines differ from each other and from cells from HIV-inf...

Authors: Sushama Telwatte, Sara Morón-López, Dvir Aran, Peggy Kim, Christine Hsieh, Sunil Joshi, Mauricio Montano, Warner C. Greene, Atul J. Butte, Joseph K. Wong and Steven A. Yukl

Engineering and characterising a novel, highly potent bispecific antibody iMab-CAP256 that targets HIV-1

The existing repertoire of HIV-1 patient derived broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) that target the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) present numerous and exciting opportunities for immune-based therapeut...

Authors: Tumelo Moshoette, Stuart Alvaro Ali, Maria Antonia Papathanasopoulos and Mark Andrew Killick