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  1. The high prevalence of HIV-associated comorbidities including neurocognitive disorder, high levels of residual inflammatory mediators in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and the resurgence of HIV replication...

    Authors: Roshni Babu and Amanda Brown
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:155
  2. Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) expression is strongly reduced on natural killer (NK) cells from HIV-1 infected viremic patients. To investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon, we ...

    Authors: Stefania Varchetta, Paolo Lusso, Kelly Hudspeth, Joanna Mikulak, Dalila Mele, Stefania Paolucci, Raffaello Cimbro, Mauro Malnati, Agostino Riva, Renato Maserati, Mario U Mondelli and Domenico Mavilio
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:154
  3. We examined the underlying mechanism of action of the peptide triazole thiol, KR13 that has been shown previously to specifically bind gp120, block cell receptor site interactions and potently inhibit HIV-1 in...

    Authors: Arangassery Rosemary Bastian, Mark Contarino, Lauren D Bailey, Rachna Aneja, Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes Moreira, Kevin Freedman, Karyn McFadden, Caitlin Duffy, Ali Emileh, George Leslie, Jeffrey M Jacobson, James A Hoxie and Irwin Chaiken
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:153
  4. Elite Controllers or Suppressors (ES) are HIV-1 positive individuals who maintain plasma viral loads below the limit of detection of standard clinical assays without antiretroviral therapy. Multiple lines of e...

    Authors: Christopher W Pohlmeyer, Robert W Buckheit III, Robert F Siliciano and Joel N Blankson
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:152
  5. Estaquier et al. provide commentary on our paper that elucidated the mechanism by which HIV-1 causes cell death in activated CD4 T lymphocytes. We showed that proviral DNA integration triggers DNA-PK dependent...

    Authors: Arik Cooper, Mayra García, Constantinos Petrovas, Takuya Yamamoto, Richard A Koup and Gary J Nabel
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:150
  6. T cell apoptosis represents one pathophysiological mechanism associated with AIDS. Herein, we discuss the recent report published by A. Cooper et al. in Nature (June 2013) regarding HIV viral DNA integration-m...

    Authors: Jérôme Estaquier, John Zaunders and Mireille Laforge
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:149
  7. Semen and semen-derived amyloid fibrils boost HIV infection in vitro but their impact on sexual virus transmission in vivo is unknown. Here, we examined the effect of seminal plasma (SP) and semen-derived enhance...

    Authors: Jan Münch, Ulrike Sauermann, Maral Yolamanova, Katharina Raue, Christiane Stahl-Hennig and Frank Kirchhoff
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:148
  8. HIV-1 infection of target cells is mediated via the binding of the viral envelope protein, gp120, to the cell surface receptor CD4. This interaction leads to conformational rearrangements in gp120 forming or reve...

    Authors: Anna Roitburd-Berman, Gal Dela, Gilad Kaplan, George K Lewis and Jonathan M Gershoni
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:147
  9. Following mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission, type 1 interferons (IFNs) are rapidly induced at sites of initial virus replication in the mucosa and draining lymph nodes. However, ...

    Authors: Angharad E Fenton-May, Oliver Dibben, Tanja Emmerich, Haitao Ding, Katja Pfafferott, Marlen M Aasa-Chapman, Pierre Pellegrino, Ian Williams, Myron S Cohen, Feng Gao, George M Shaw, Beatrice H Hahn, Christina Ochsenbauer, John C Kappes and Persephone Borrow
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:146
  10. Despite the huge clinical success of antiretroviral therapy, several factors such as side effects, requirement of life-long adherence, high cost, incomplete access to therapies and development of drug resistan...

    Authors: Iart Luca Shytaj and Andrea Savarino
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:145
  11. LEDGF/p75 (LEDGF) is the main cellular cofactor of HIV-1 integrase (IN). It acts as a tethering factor for IN, and targets the integration of HIV in actively transcribed gene regions of chromatin. A recently d...

    Authors: Erwann Le Rouzic, Damien Bonnard, Sophie Chasset, Jean-Michel Bruneau, Francis Chevreuil, Frédéric Le Strat, Juliette Nguyen, Roxane Beauvoir, Céline Amadori, Julie Brias, Sophie Vomscheid, Sylvia Eiler, Nicolas Lévy, Olivier Delelis, Eric Deprez, Ali Saïb…
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:144
  12. HIV-1 budding is directed primarily by two motifs in Gag p6 designated as late domain-1 and −2 that recruit ESCRT machinery by binding Tsg101 and Alix, respectively, and by poorly characterized determinants in th...

    Authors: Susan M Watanabe, Min-Huei Chen, Mahfuz Khan, Lorna Ehrlich, Kimdar Sherefa Kemal, Barbara Weiser, Binshan Shi, Chaoping Chen, Michael Powell, Kathryn Anastos, Harold Burger and Carol A Carter
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:143
  13. Aberrant immune activation is a strong correlate of HIV disease progression, but little is known about how immune activation alters susceptibility to HIV infection. Susceptibility to HIV infection varies betwe...

    Authors: Catherine M Card, Terry Blake Ball and Keith R Fowke
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:141
  14. Late assembly (L)-domains are protein interaction motifs, whose dysfunction causes characteristic budding defects in enveloped viruses. Three different amino acid motifs, namely PT/SAP, PPXY and YPXnL have been s...

    Authors: Claudia Chudak, Nadine Beimforde, Maja George, Anja Zimmermann, Veronika Lausch, Kirsten Hanke and Norbert Bannert
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:140
  15. HLA-B alleles are associated with viral control in chronic HIV-1 infection, however, their role in primary HIV-1 disease is unclear. This study sought to determine the role of HLA-B alleles in viral control du...

    Authors: Sagar A Vaidya, Hendrik Streeck, Noor Beckwith, Musie Ghebremichael, Florencia Pereyra, Douglas S Kwon, Marylyn M Addo, Jenna Rychert, Jean-Pierre Routy, Heiko Jessen, Anthony D Kelleher, Frederick Hecht, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Mary Carrington, Bruce D Walker, Todd M Allen…
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:139
  16. HIV and SIV defeat antiviral proteins by usurping Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) and likely influence other cellular processes through these as well. HIV-2 viral protein X (Vpx) engages the cullin4-co...

    Authors: Michael D Nekorchuk, Hamayun J Sharifi, Andrea KM Furuya, Robert Jellinger and Carlos MC de Noronha
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:138
  17. A nef gene is present in all primate lentiviral genomes and is important for high viral loads and progression to AIDS in human or experimental macaque hosts of HIV or SIV, respectively. In these hosts, infection ...

    Authors: Anouk Van Nuffel, Kevin K Ariën, Veronique Stove, Michael Schindler, Eduardo O’Neill, Jan Schmökel, Inge Van de Walle, Evelien Naessens, Hanne Vanderstraeten, Kathleen Van Landeghem, Tom Taghon, Kati Pulkkinen, Kalle Saksela, J Victor Garcia, Oliver T Fackler, Frank Kirchhoff…
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:137
  18. Previously, we reported the conversion of the 12-mer linear and cell-impermeable peptide CAI to a cell-penetrating peptide NYAD-1 by using an i,i + 4 hydrocarbon stapling technique and confirmed its binding to th...

    Authors: Hongtao Zhang, Francesca Curreli, Abdul A Waheed, Peter Y Mercredi, Mansi Mehta, Pallavi Bhargava, Daniel Scacalossi, Xiaohe Tong, Shawn Lee, Alan Cooper, Michael F Summers, Eric O Freed and Asim K Debnath
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:136
  19. HIV-1 Nef is a viral accessory protein critical for AIDS progression. Nef lacks intrinsic catalytic activity and binds multiple host cell signaling proteins, including Hck and other Src-family tyrosine kinases...

    Authors: Ronald P Trible, Purushottam Narute, Lori A Emert-Sedlak, John Jeff Alvarado, Katelyn Atkins, Laurel Thomas, Toshiaki Kodama, Naveena Yanamala, Vasiliy Korotchenko, Billy W Day, Gary Thomas and Thomas E Smithgall
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:135
  20. The International AIDS Society convened the multi-stakeholder “Towards an HIV Cure” symposium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2013 to address the significant research challenges posed by the search for a cure for...

    Authors: Damian FJ Purcell, Julian H Elliott, Anna-Laura Ross and John Frater
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:134
  21. HIV and SIV generally require CD4 binding prior to coreceptor engagement, but Env can acquire the ability to use CCR5 independently of CD4 under various circumstances. The ability to use CCR5 coupled with low-...

    Authors: Nicholas Francella, Sarah TC Elliott, Yanjie Yi, Sarah E Gwyn, Alexandra M Ortiz, Bing Li, Guido Silvestri, Mirko Paiardini, Cynthia A Derdeyn and Ronald G Collman
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:133
  22. Emerging evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is highly prevalent in tumours of different origin. This virus is implied to have oncogenic and oncomodulatory functions, through its ability to con...

    Authors: Alice Assinger, Koon-Chu Yaiw, Ingmar Göttesdorfer, Christine Leib-Mösch and Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:132
  23. SAMHD1 is a restriction factor that potently blocks infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses. We have previously demonstrated that SAMHD1 oligomerizes in mammalian cells by immunoprecipitation. Here we invest...

    Authors: Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez, Jose Carlos Valle-Casuso, Tommy E White, Laura Nguyen, Akash Bhattacharya, Zhonghua Wang, Borries Demeler, Sarah Amie, Caitlin Knowlton, Baek Kim, Dmitri N Ivanov and Felipe Diaz-Griffero
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:131
  24. CCR5 and CXCR4 are the two membrane-standing proteins that, along with CD4, facilitate entry of HIV particles into the host cell. HIV strains differ in their ability to utilize either CCR5 or CXCR4, and this s...

    Authors: Olga V Kalinina, Nico Pfeifer and Thomas Lengauer
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:130
  25. Vpu is a multifunctional accessory protein that enhances the release of HIV-1 by counteracting the entrapment of nascent virions on infected cell surface mediated by BST2/Tetherin. Vpu-mediated BST2 antagonism...

    Authors: Vibhuti P Dave, Fadi Hajjar, Mame Massar Dieng, Élie Haddad and Éric A Cohen
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:128
  26. In many virus infections natural killer (NK) cells are critical for the rapid containment of virus replication. Polymorphisms in NK cell receptors as well as viral escape from NK cell responses are associated ...

    Authors: Elisabeth Littwitz, Sandra Francois, Ulf Dittmer and Kathrin Gibbert
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:127
  27. HIV-1 replication can be successfully blocked by targeting gag gene products, offering a promising strategy for new drug classes that complement current HIV-1 treatment options. However, naturally occurring po...

    Authors: Guangdi Li, Jens Verheyen, Soo-Yon Rhee, Arnout Voet, Anne-Mieke Vandamme and Kristof Theys
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:126
  28. The HIV-1 accessory protein, Nef, is decisive for progression to AIDS. In vitro characterization of the protein has described many Nef activities of unknown in vivo significance including CD4 downregulation and a...

    Authors: Richard L Watkins, Wei Zou, Paul W Denton, John F Krisko, John L Foster and J Victor Garcia
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:125
  29. Control of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) release from pausing has been proposed as a checkpoint mechanism to ensure optimal RNAPII activity, especially in large, highly regulated genes. HIV-1 gene expression is h...

    Authors: Mayte Coiras, Marta Montes, Immaculada Montanuy, María Rosa López-Huertas, Elena Mateos, Caroline Le Sommer, Mariano A Garcia-Blanco, Cristina Hernández-Munain, José Alcamí and Carlos Suñé
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:124
  30. HIV-1 infection results in hyper-immune activation and immunological disorders as early as the asymptomatic stage. Here, we hypothesized that during early HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 Tat protein acts on monocytes/m...

    Authors: Nawal Ben Haij, Kaoutar Leghmari, Rémi Planès, Nathalie Thieblemont and Elmostafa Bahraoui
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:123
  31. The reportedly broad expression of CD85j across different immune cell types suggests an importance for this molecule in the human immune system. Previous reports have shown that this receptor interacts with se...

    Authors: Vincent Arnold, Jean-Saville Cummings, Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves, Céline Didier, Adrien Gilbert, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Daniel Scott-Algara
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:122
  32. The major targets of HIV infection in humans are CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cell depletion is a hallmark of AIDS. Previously, the SCID-hu thy/liv model was used to study the effect of HIV on thymopoeisis in vivo. Howev...

    Authors: Jenna B Honeycutt, Angela Wahl, Nancie Archin, Shailesh Choudhary, David Margolis and J Victor Garcia
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:121
  33. Existing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively controls viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals but cannot completely eradicate the infection, a...

    Authors: Leia K Miller, Yoshifumi Kobayashi, Chiann-Chyi Chen, Timothy A Russnak, Yacov Ron and Joseph P Dougherty
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:120
  34. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs are present and functional in CD4+ T cells. Memory CD4+ T cells, predomi...

    Authors: Camille L Novis, Nancie M Archin, Maria J Buzon, Eric Verdin, June L Round, Mathias Lichterfeld, David M Margolis, Vicente Planelles and Alberto Bosque
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:119
  35. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes chronic infection leading to development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and inflammatory diseases. Non-human primates infected with simian T-cell leukemia vir...

    Authors: Michi Miura, Jun-ichiro Yasunaga, Junko Tanabe, Kenji Sugata, Tiejun Zhao, Guangyong Ma, Paola Miyazato, Koichi Ohshima, Akihisa Kaneko, Akino Watanabe, Akatsuki Saito, Hirofumi Akari and Masao Matsuoka
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:118
  36. Immunization of rhesus macaques against Gag of SIV resulted in a more rapid appearance of Env antibodies after infection with SIV or SHIV challenge viruses although the vaccines lacked an Env component. We the...

    Authors: Ghulam Nabi, Michael Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann, Matthias Tenbusch, Oliver Gardt, Dan H Barouch, Vladimir Temchura and Klaus Überla
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:117

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Retrovirology 2013 10:151

  37. CD8+ T cell responses, restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, are critical to controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) re...

    Authors: Brian T Cain, Ngoc H Pham, Melisa L Budde, Justin M Greene, Jason T Weinfurter, Matthew Scarlotta, Max Harris, Emily Chin, Shelby L O’Connor, Thomas C Friedrich and David H O’Connor
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:116
  38. Malignant human embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) rely on similar transcriptional networks as non-malignant embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to control selfrenewal, maintain pluripotency, and inhibit differentiation...

    Authors: Nina V Fuchs, Sabine Loewer, George Q Daley, Zsuzsanna Izsvák, Johannes Löwer and Roswitha Löwer
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:115
  39. The HIV envelope (Env) promotes viral entry in the host cell. During this process, Env undergoes several conformational changes to ensure its function. At the same time, the gp120 component of Env is the prote...

    Authors: Meriem Hamoudi, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Romain Gasser and Matteo Negroni
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:114
  40. The limited success of recent HIV topical pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trials highlights the need for more predictive models of drug efficacy that better simulate what may happen during sexual exposure. T...

    Authors: Pedro MM Mesquita, Priya Srinivasan, Todd J Johnson, Rachna Rastogi, Tammy Evans-Strickfaden, Michael S Kay, Karen W Buckheit, Robert W Buckheit Jr, James M Smith, Patrick F Kiser and Betsy C Herold
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:113
  41. In response to viral infections, interferons induce the transcription of several hundred genes in mammalian cells. Specific antiviral functions, however, have only been attributed to a few of them. 90K/LGALS3BP h...

    Authors: Veronika Lodermeyer, Kristina Suhr, Nicola Schrott, Christian Kolbe, Christina M Stürzel, Daniela Krnavek, Jan Münch, Christian Dietz, Tanja Waldmann, Frank Kirchhoff and Christine Goffinet
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:111
  42. Differently from HIV-1, HIV-2 disease progression usually takes decades without antiretroviral therapy and the majority of HIV-2 infected individuals survive as elite controllers with normal CD4+ T cell counts an...

    Authors: Cheila Rocha, Rita Calado, Pedro Borrego, José Maria Marcelino, Inês Bártolo, Lino Rosado, Patrícia Cavaco-Silva, Perpétua Gomes, Carlos Família, Alexandre Quintas, Helena Skar, Thomas Leitner, Helena Barroso and Nuno Taveira
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:110
  43. Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) play a central role in the control of viral infections. Their antiviral activity can be mediated by at least two cytotoxic pathways, namely the granule exocytosis pathway, involving per...

    Authors: Gennadiy Zelinskyy, Tanja Werner and Ulf Dittmer
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:109
  44. African non-human primates (NHPs) are natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), the zoonotic transmission of which led to the emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2. However, our understanding of SIV dive...

    Authors: Michael Lauck, William M Switzer, Samuel D Sibley, David Hyeroba, Alex Tumukunde, Geoffrey Weny, Bill Taylor, Anupama Shankar, Nelson Ting, Colin A Chapman, Thomas C Friedrich, Tony L Goldberg and David H O'Connor
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:107
  45. Several host-encoded antiviral factors suppress HIV-1 replication in a cell-autonomous fashion in vitro. The relevance of these defenses to the control of HIV-1 in vivo remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized t...

    Authors: Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Rui André Saraiva Raposo, Xutao Deng, Manqing Li, Teri Liegler, Elizabeth Sinclair, Mohamed S Salama, Hussam El-din A Ghanem, Rebecca Hoh, Joseph K Wong, Michael David, Douglas F Nixon, Steven G Deeks and Satish K Pillai
    Citation: Retrovirology 2013 10:106

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