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Naturally-arising amino acid polymorphisms of HIV-1 Nef that differentially modulate downregulation of HLA-A and HLA-B molecules
Retrovirology volume 10, Article number: P54 (2013)
Background
Differential Nef-mediated down-regulation of HLA-Aand HLA-B has been reported in laboratory-adapted Nef strains [1]. Whether naturally-occurring Nef proteins exhibit differential HLA class I (HLA-I) down-regulation activities remains unknown.
Materials and methods
Plasma HIV RNA-derived Nef clones (one per patient) were isolated from 45 chronically-infected subjects and inserted into the pNL43 proviral vector. Recombinant viruses were prepared and used to infect the HLA-l-deficient cell line 721.221 ectopically expressing either HLA-A*24 or HLA-B*35. Following infection, cell-surface HLA-I expression of virus-infected cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using a pan HLA-I specific antibody [2, 3].
Results
Cell-surface HLA-I expression levels differed following infection with recombinant viruses expressing patient-derived Nef, with median [IQR] expression levels of HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*35 of 38.9 [23.4-76.9] % and 50.7 [39.9-81.9] %, respectively, compared to those of uninfected cells as 100% (p <0.001). Thus, downregulation of HLA-A by patient-derived Nef clones was significantly more efficient than that of HLA-B, consistent with the previous observations made by laboratory-adapted strains. However, ratios of downregulation activity of HLA-A/HLA-B were median [IQR] 1.25 [0.81-2.37], while that of control strain SF2 was 1.21, indicating a relatively broad range of HLA-A and HLA-B downregulation activities among naturally-isolated Nef clones. Codon-function analysis of HLA-A/HLA-B downregulation ratios identified amino acid polymorphisms at position158 and 202 as being significantly associated (p <0.01, q <0.2) with relative abilities to downregulate alleles of HLA-A vs. B loci.
Conclusions
Despite a broad range of observed function, Nef-mediated ability to downregulate HLA-A exceeded that of HLA-B in 45 Nef clones in chronic infection. We identified for the first time two Nef amino acid polymorphisms at position 158 and 202 that differentially influence HLA-A and HLA-B downregulation, suggesting that they play a role in differential interaction between Nef and allelic polymorphisms of HLA-I cytoplasmic tail.
References
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Mwimanzi P, Markle TJ, Martin E, Ogata Y, Kuang XT, Tokunaga M, Mahiti M, Pereyra F, Miura T, Walker BD: Attenuation of multiple Nef functions in HIV-1 elite controllers. Retrovirology. 2013, 10: 1-10.1186/1742-4690-10-1.
Mwimanzi P, Markle TJ, Ogata Y, Martin E, Tokunaga M, Mahiti M, Kuang XT, Walker BD, Brockman MA, Brumme ZL: Dynamic range of Nef functions in chronic HIV-1 infection. Virology. 2013, 439: 74-80. 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.005.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Mahiti, M., Mwimanzi, P., Ogata, Y. et al. Naturally-arising amino acid polymorphisms of HIV-1 Nef that differentially modulate downregulation of HLA-A and HLA-B molecules. Retrovirology 10 (Suppl 1), P54 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-S1-P54
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-10-S1-P54