Fig. 1

Dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs in HIV-infected cells. A schematic diagram of the HIV genome within an infected cell highlighting the transcription processes along with the dysregulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs triggered by the virus infection. During the late phase of HIV infection, Tat translocates to the cell nucleus, interacts with pTEFb and brings Tat-pTEFb complex to the TAR element. This complex allows pTEFb to hyperphosphorylate RNA Pol II initiating the virus transactivation process. The different miRNAs and lncRNA listed are dysregulated, modified or have a reported function during HIV transcription and latency. (left) Cellular miRNAs that target 1) viral transcripts, 2) transcription factors, 3) HIV host dependency factors, 4) HIV restriction factors. (right) LncRNAs that are 5) derived from ASP HIV transcript, 6) nuclear lncRNA and 7) cytoplasmic lncRNAs. *Refer to Table 1. Figure created with Biorender