Table 1 Candidate IFN-responsive latency restriction factors

GBP1

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Not significant

Not tested

Inhibits viral glycoproteins

[99],[100]

IFIT1

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Inhibits viral RNA expression

[68]

IFIT2

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

suppressed in JLat9.2*

Inhibits viral RNA expression

[68]

IFITM1

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Suppressed in all latent cell lines* and RGH latent cells*

Blocks viral fusion and release

[15]

[101]

[20]

IFITM2

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Not significant

Not tested

Inhibits viral entry & induces apoptosis

[15]

[101]

[20]

IFITM3 

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Not tested

Inhibits viral entry

[15]

[101]

[20]

ISG15

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Suppressed in JLat9.2* and ACH2 cells

Isgylates antiviral proteins to enhance/inhibit activity; antiviral activity against many viruses

[18]

[20]

[51]

MT2A

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Not tested

Anti-oxidant; regulates intracellular heavy metals; regulates apoptosis

[49]

MX1

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Suppressed in JLat9.2* and JLat11.1*

binding/inactivation of viral ribonucleocapsid

[20]

OAS1

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Suppressed in all latent cell lines* and RGH latent cells*

Activates Rnase L to degrade viral RNA

[20]

RPL5

Suppressed in vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Not significant

Not tested

Ribosome component; binds 5S RNA

[69]

RSAD2 (viperin)

Not significant

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Not tested

Inhibits viral RNA replication; binds viral proteins; dysregulates lipid metabolism

[21]

STAT1

Downregulated in resting vRNA^hi & vRNA^lo cells*

Suppressed in JLat9.2*

Not tested

Critical IFN signaling effector in JAK/STAT pathway; inhibits NF-κB; potentiates TNF⍺-mediated apoptosis

[20][102]