Fig. 1
From: Vpx enhances innate immune responses independently of SAMHD1 during HIV-1 infection
THP-1 Lucia ISG cells were differentiated overnight with PMA (25 ng/ml) and infected with serial dilutions of VSV-G pseudotyped single-round HIV-1 reporter virus in the presence of SIVmac Vpx, delivered either separately as VLPs (a–d) or packaged into the virions (g-i). Infection levels were measured by flow cytometry (HIV-1GFP) or firefly luciferase assay (HIV-1Luc), and ISRE-driven reporter induction was quantified by lucia luciferase assay from culture supernatants 3 days post-infection. a Infection was measured by flow cytometry. b ISRE reporter induction was quantified by lucia luciferase expression. c Comparison of infection vs. ISRE induction. d Cells were transduced with VLPVpx alone or with HIV-1GFP in the presence or absence of NVP; ISRE driven luciferase activity was quantified. e IFN-β was titrated on PMA-differentiated THP-1 Lucia ISG cells; reporter activity was measured after 3 days. f Western blot of total cell lysates after transduction with or without of Vpx showing SAMHD1 levels (left), and levels of p24 and Vpx-myc in virions (right). g Infection was quantified by firefly luciferase at 3 dpi. h ISRE reporter induction was quantified by lucia luciferase expression. i Comparison of infection levels vs. reporter induction. VLP: virus-like particle; ISRE: IFN-stimulated response element; NVP: nevirapine. Data are from three replicates; error bars depict standard deviation