Fig. 4
From: Role of HTLV-1 orf-I encoded proteins in viral transmission and persistence
Impact of p12/p8 proteins on the host immune response. Summary of p12 and p8 influence on the host immune response to HTLV-1-infected cells. Expression of HTLV-1 p12/p8 results in decreased intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and MHC-I expression, resulting in the inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell recognition and cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) killing. The p8 protein induces increased cell adhesion through increased lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression, increased virus transmission and cell signaling through tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and virological synapse formation, and dampens T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling