Fig. 1

NNRTI treatment induces the death of productively HIV-1 infected cells. a–d Resting CD4 T cells were infected with a single round HSA reporter HIV-1 virus and incubated with IL-7 (2 ng/mL). a Cells were treated from 0 dpi (day post-infection) to 5 dpi or from 5 to 6 dpi with 1 μM of RPV, IDV and/or NVP as indicated. At 5 dpi and 6 dpi respectively, cells were stained for HSA and analyzed by flow cytometry. Histograms show the percentage of HSA+ cells detected among morphologically live cells (determined using FSC and SSC) and normalized to the untreated group in each graph. Data are averages and SD of 3 cell donors and are representative of 3 or more independent experiments. (*p = 0.0409; **p < 0.0001: p-values were calculated with an unpaired two-tailed t-test). b At 5 dpi infected cells were treated with 1 μM of RPV. Twenty-four hours later, cells were stained for HSA, labeled with Annexin V and analyzed by flow cytometry. Upper panels are dot plots showing HSA expression vs. cell size parameter (based of FSC). Lower panels show Annexin V labeling in pre-gated HSA+ and HSA negative cells. Data are representative of 3 or more independent experiments. c, d Infected cells were treated at 5 dpi with various concentrations of the indicated NNRTIs. Twenty-four hours later cells were analyzed for survival using FSC and SSC. Data are averages and SD of 3 donors and are representative of 2 independent experiments. c Survival of HSA+ cells. d Survival of HSA-negative cells