Fig. 5

Lineage commitment versus plasticity of the four CM CCR6⁺ subsets in vitro. FACS-sorted CM (CD45RA⁻CCR7⁺) subsets isolated from the peripheral blood of HIV-uninfected individuals were analyzed for the expression of lineage-specific cytokines upon Th17/Th1-polarization in vitro. a CM subsets were stimulated via CD3/CD28 and cultured under Th17- (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23, and anti-IL-4 and anti-IFN-γ Abs) and Th1-polarizing conditions (IL-12 and anti-IL-4 Abs) for 4 and 14 days. Cells were stimulated with PMA and Ionomycin in the presence of Brefeldin A for 16 h. Intracellular staining was performed with cytokine-specific Abs. b, c Shown are statistical analyses of cytokines expressed by the distinct CM subsets cultured for 4 (b) or 14 days (c) under Th17- (black bars) and Th1-polarizing conditions (grey bars). Results (mean ± SEM) were generated with matches samples from n = 3 different donors. Paired t-Test p-values are indicated on the figures (Th17- versus Th1-polarization)