Fig. 8

Role of specific cellular signaling pathway in reactivation of HIV-1 primary resting CD4⁺ T cells. HIV-1 latency reversal was measured by quantification of viral RNA in the culture supernatant 7 days post-stimulation with either αCD3/αCD28 (a, c) or Prostratin (b, d). Latently infected resting CD4⁺ T cells were treated with one of five pathway inhibitors: ERK1/2, NF-κB, JNK, STAT and p38, for (a, b) 4 h before stimulation or (c, d) 4 h post stimulation. Data are normalized to virus production following stimulation with (a, c) CD3/αCD28 only or (b, d) prostratin only from three independent experiments performed in duplicate are included. P values were determined using a paired t test. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005