Figure 1

Activation of HIV-1 by PP1-targeting compounds. a Chemical structures of compounds 1–4 are shown. b Activation of single round HIV-1 replication in CEM T cells. Upper panel CEM T cells were infected with VSVG-pseudotyped pNL4-3.Luc.R-E- (HIV-1 Luc) virus for 18 h and then treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of the compounds. The cells were lyzed and luciferase activity was measured. Lower panel toxicity of compounds was determined with trypan blue exclusion assay using an automated cell counter. c, d Activation of HIV-1 in latently infected Jurkat T cells and THP-1 cells. Latently infected Jurkat and THP cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of compounds for 48 h. The cells were lyzed and luciferase activity was measured. e Activation of HIV-1 in latently infected primary CD4⁺ T cells. The latently infected primary CD4+ T cells, harboring latent HIV provirus (pHR’P-PNL-H13LTat-δNef-GFP) with GFP reporter under LTR promoter, were treated with 5 µM of each drug in triplicate. The GFP expressing cells were assessed and quantified. TCR stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies was used as positive control. The results depict the mean of different assays with standard deviation.