Fig. 2
From: Apoptosis-induced activation of HIV-1 in latently infected cell lines
Induction of HIV-1 replication by apoptosis in ACH-2 cells. 36 h post treatment with (a) etoposide (0–5 μM), (b) doxorubicin (0–10 μM), (c) vincristine (0–10 nM) and (d) fludarabine phosphate (0–10 μM), apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V staining (solid line). HIV-1 activation was measured as fold change (compared to control DMSO treated cells) in accumulation of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by qRT-PCR (dashed line). HIV-1 production after drug exposure was determined using ELISA for HIV-1 p24 (dotted line). (e) For a positive control, cells were treated with TNF-α (20 ng/ml) and HIV-1 activation was measured by qRT-PCR as mentioned above. (f) Virus production from ACH-2 treated with TNF-α was determined by ELISA for HIV-1 p24 antigen. The data represented are the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3)