Fig. 1
From: Apoptosis-induced activation of HIV-1 in latently infected cell lines
Cytotoxic drugs induce apoptosis and HIV-1 replication in U1 cells. The cells were treated with (a) etoposide (0–25 μM), (b) doxorubicin (0–10 μM), (c) vincristine (0–5 μM) and (d) fludarabine phosphate (0–10 μM). At 36 h post treatment, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V staining (solid line) and HIV-1 activation was determined by qRT-PCR for unspliced viral RNA (dashed line) and ELISA for HIV-1 p24 viral antigen (dotted line) in culture supernatant. (e) PMA (25 ng/ml) was used as a positive control, bar graph shows apoptosis (%, white bars) and fold increase in HIV-1 unspliced RNA production (black bars). (f) HIV-1 production after PMA treatment was determined by ELISA for p24 antigen in culture supernatant from PMA treated U1 cells. The data represented are the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3)