Figure 3
Neutralization of endogenous CCL2 impairs HIV-1 DNA accumulation in MDM. (A) MDM were treated with anti-CCL2 or control Ab (2.5 μg/ml) for 20 h and then infected with HIV-1BaL (3000 TCID50 per well) as described in Methods. After 4 and 7 days, total DNA was extracted and the amount of total HIV-1 DNA (copies/106 cells) was determined by qPCR. The results from 1 representative donor out of 4 tested are shown. (B) MDM were treated with different concentrations of anti-CCL2 or control Ab (2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 μg/ml) for 20 h and then infected as in A. Total DNA was extracted 7 days after infection and the amount of total HIV-1 DNA was determined by qPCR. (C, D, E) MDM were treated and infected as in A. Total DNA was extracted 7 days after infection and the amounts of total HIV-1 DNA (C), HIV-1 2-LTR circles (D) and integrated HIV-1 DNA (E) were determined by qPCR. Data represent mean values (+SE) of the results obtained with 3 (B and D), 4 (E) and 13 (C) different donors. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.