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Does helminthic infection alter the clinical course of HTLV-1 infection?
Retrovirology volume 8, Article number: A47 (2011)
Introduction
HTLV-1 is associated with the development of HAM/TSP and overactive bladder (OB). A higher prevalence of helminthic coinfection has been observed among those infected with HTLV-1. Because helminthic infection may modify the immune response and influence clinical outcomes in HTLV-1 infection, we investigated the development of HAM/TSP and OB in HTLV-1 positive individuals with and without helminthic coinfection.
Methods
HTLV-1 patients enrolled in a cohort study between 2004-2010 were classified as coinfected and non-coinfected based on stool samples. All patients were followed at least two years from initial evaluation, with yearly clinical assessments. Disease-free survival for OB was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship between helminthic infection and development of OB was assessed by Cox proportional hazard modeling.
Results
Seventy-four coinfected and 79 non-coinfected patients were followed. A total of 92 helminthic infections were observed in the coinfected group. One patient from each group developed HAM/TSP during followup. Fourteen and 17 patients developed OB from the coinfected and non-coinfected groups, respectively. There was no association between helminthic infection and risk of OB (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.43-1.89, p = 0.79, adjusted for sex).
Discussion
We found no difference in the risk of development of OB in HTLV-1 and helminthic coinfected and non-coinfected patients. The incidence of HAM/TSP was low in each group. These data indicate that general helminthic infection does not modify development of HAM/TSP or OB. Future studies should address the potential association between specific helminthic infections and risk of neurologic disease in HTLV-1 infection.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Sundberg, M.A., Glesby, M.J. & Carvalho, E.M. Does helminthic infection alter the clinical course of HTLV-1 infection?. Retrovirology 8 (Suppl 1), A47 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-8-S1-A47
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-8-S1-A47
Keywords
- Immune Response
- Future Study
- Clinical Outcome
- Infectious Disease
- Cohort Study