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Table 1 Study subjects, HIV-1 isolates, and summary of Env phenotypes

From: Conformational alterations in the CD4 binding cavity of HIV-1 gp120 influencing gp120-CD4 interactions and fusogenicity of HIV-1 envelopes derived from brain and other tissues

Subject

Risk factor

Last CD4 count (cells/μl)

Antiretroviral(s)

HIV-1 encephalitis

Tissues yielding HIV-1 isolates

Name of virus isolate

Coreceptor usage of virus isolate

Envs cloned from virus isolate (n)

Functional

Coreceptor usage of cloned Envs

CB1

MH

10

ddI (prior AZT)

Severe

Brain

CB1-BR

X4

6

Yes

All X4

     

CSF

CB1-CSF

R5

6

Yes

All R5

     

PBMC

CB1-PBMC

R5

6

Yes

All R5

CB3

MH

5

ddI (prior AZT and ddC)

Severe

S.Cord

CB3-SC

R5

6

Yes

All R5

     

CSF

CB3-CSF

R5

6

Yes

All R5

     

PBMC

CB3-PBMC

R5

6

Yes

All R5

MACS1

MH

2

None

Severe

Brain

Macs1-BR

R5X4

6

Yes

All R5X4

     

Spleen

Macs1-Spln

R5X4

6

Yes

All R5X4

MACS2

MH

52

AZT

Moderate

Brain

Macs2-BR

R5

5

Yes

All R5

     

L.Node

Macs2-LN

R5

6

Yes

All R5

MACS3

MH

95

None

Moderate

Brain

Macs3-BR

R5

6

Yes

All R5

     

L.Node

Macs3-LN

R5

6

Yes

All R5

UK1

IVDU

87

ddC (1 mo)

Moderate

Brain

UK1-BR

R5

4

Yes

All R5

UK7

IVDU

90

AZT

Severe

Brain

UK7-BR

R5

6

Yes

All R5

  1. The clinical and neuropathological details of the study subjects, and the derivation and characterization of the primary tissue derived HIV-1 isolates have been published previously [14, 24, 27], and are summarized again here to assist in the interpretation of the data derived from the cloned Envs. Envs were amplified from primary virus isolates by PCR and cloned into the pSVIII-Env expression vector as described previously [29, 30, 33, 35]. Functional Envs were identified by pseudotyping onto Env-deficient GFP reporter virus and entry assays in JC53 cells, as described previously [14, 29, 30, 34, 35]. Coreceptor usage of cloned Envs was determined by pseudotyping onto Env-deficient luciferase reporter virus that were generated in 293T cells, and entry assays in Cf2th-CD4 cells expressing CCR5 or CXCR4, as described previously [30, 35]. The coreceptor usage of Envs derived from brain and spleen of subject MACS1 has been reported recently [30]. The additional Envs described here have been assigned Genbank accession numbers JN001990 to JN002061. Six functional Envs were cloned from Macs2-BR and UK1-BR viruses, but sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that only 5 and 4 clones, respectively, were independent with unique nucleotide sequences. Thus, only independent Envs are listed here and included for the subsequent structural and functional analyses. MH, male homosexual; IVDU, intravenous drug user; mo, month; ddI, didanosine; AZT, zidovudine; ddC, zalcitabine; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; S. Cord, spinal cord; L. Node, lymph node.
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Retrovirology

ISSN: 1742-4690

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