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The ups and downs of HIV-1 gene expression
Retrovirology volume 6, Article number: I11 (2009)
Following infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) becomes stably integrated into the genome of the host cell. It depends, therefore, on host cell factors to regulate its transcriptional output, both positively and negatively. HIV-1 transcriptional silencing requires chromatin remodelling and transcriptional repressor complexes, as well as heterochromatin formation at the integrated provirus. An important feature of silenced proviruses is their ability to be re-activated by either the viral transcription factor, Tat, or environmental stimuli. Activation of transcription is also controlled by numerous host cell factors. We have identified novel mechanisms of transcriptional activation and repression that depend on cellular macromolecular complexes such as proteasome and nuclear exosome. I will discuss recent developments in understanding the mechanisms by which these complexes control HIV-1 transcription, and the implications for viral latency.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Kiernan, R.E. The ups and downs of HIV-1 gene expression. Retrovirology 6 (Suppl 2), I11 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S2-I11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S2-I11
Keywords
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Transcriptional Repressor
- Chromatin Remodelling
- Environmental Stimulus
- Transcriptional Silence