Aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-HIV-1 activity by increasing the virion density

Table 1 Selectivity indices of aqueous Lamiaceae extracts in different HIV-1 infection models

Extract	Cells	IC₅₀ (%)^a	CC₅₀ (%)^b	Selectivity Index^c
Lemon balm	SupT1	0.020 ± 0.012	0.38 ± 0.086	103 ± 66 (6)
	C8166	0.033 ± 0.020	> 1	> 63 ± 19 (4)
	C8166^Entry	0.004 ± 0.002	> 1	> 1834 ± 930 (4)
	HLAC	0.054 ± 0.016	9.433 ± 0.463	210 ± 42 (3)^d
Peppermint	SupT1	0.190 ± 0.124	1.700 ± 0.497	71 ± 29 (6)
	C8166	0.026 ± 0.016	> 1	> 191 ± 87 (2)
	C8166^Entry	0.005 ± 0.001	> 1	> 208 ± 40 (3)
	HLAC	0.666 ± 0.159	> 10	> 19 ± 6 (3)^d
Sage	SupT1	0.099 ± 0.066	1.742 ± 0.526	73 ± 28 (4)
	C8166	0.016 ± 0.005	> 1	> 82 ± 20 (4)
	C8166^Entry	0.009 ± 0.004	> 1	> 198 ± 70 (3)
	HLAC	1.157 ± 0.672	> 10	> 22 ± 9 (3)^d

^aInhibitory concentration 50, derived from experiments performed as shown in Figs. 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 4B.
^bCytotoxic concentration 50, derived from experiments performed as shown in Figs. 1, 2A, 2B, 4C.
^cSelectivity indices (SI) determined by dividing the CC₅₀ by the corresponding IC₅₀ value from each individual experiment (and not the arithmetic means of CC₅₀ and IC₅₀ values shown in this table). IC₅₀, CC₅₀ and SI values shown represent the arithmetic mean SEM of (n) experiments.
^dShown is the SI for 3 out of 4 independent experiments. CC₅₀ values in the 4^th experiment were: Lemon balm CC₅₀ > 1, sage and peppermint CC₅₀ > 3.

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