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Induction of 8-oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 Gene Expression by HIV-1 Tat
Retrovirology volume 2, Article number: S142 (2005)
In order to identify the cellular gene target for Tat, we have performed gene expression profile analysis and found that Tat upregulates the expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) gene, encoding an enzyme responsible for repairing the oxidatively damaged guanine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-dG). We observed that Tat induces OGG1 gene expression by enhancing its promoter activity without changing the mRNA stability. We found that the upstream AP-4 site within the OGG1 promoter is responsible and that Tat interacts with AP-4 and removes AP-4 from OGG1 promoter by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, Tat appears to activate OGG1 expression by sequestrating AP-4. Interestingly, although Tat induces oxidative stress known to generate 8-oxo-dG that causes the G:C to T:A transversion, we observed that the amount of 8-oxo-dG was reduced by Tat. When OGG1 was knocked-down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), Tat increased the amount of 8-oxo-dG, thus confirming the role of OGG1 in preventing the formation of 8-oxo-dG. These findings collectively indicate a possibility that Tat may play a role in the maintenance of genetic integrity of the proviral and host cellular genomes by upregulating OGG1 as a feed-forward mechanism.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Okamoto, T., Imai, K. & Kasai, H. Induction of 8-oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 Gene Expression by HIV-1 Tat. Retrovirology 2 (Suppl 1), S142 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-2-S1-S142
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-2-S1-S142
Keywords
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- mRNA Stability
- Cellular Gene
- Immunoprecipitation Assay
- Genetic Integrity