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HTLV-1 and bronchiectasis in a UK cohort, report and review
Retrovirology volume 11, Article number: P11 (2014)
Background
Associations between HTLV-1 and pulmonary disease have been reported but causality and risk have not been confirmed. Pulmonary function tests have been routinely offered to new patients attending the UK HTLV service whilst a retrospective case review has been conducted to determine the prevalence of diagnosed bronchiectasis.
Method
The cohort was categorised into HTLV-1 symptomatic patients (SPs) (ATLL, HAM/TSP, polymyositis and strongyloidiasis) and asymptomatic carriers (ACs). Computerised tomographic (CT) imaging performed was reviewed. In 60 patients disease state was correlated with pulmonary function and HTLV-1 proviral load (VL).
Results
8/249 ACs and 27/164 SPs had a CT, with productive cough +/- recurrent chest infections the predominant indication. Bronchiectasis was diagnosed in one AC (1/249) and 10 SPs (1 polymyositis, 1 ATLL, 8 HAM/TSP) (10/164, OR 16.10; p=0.0084). In univariate analysis increased rates of bronchiectasis were seen in HAM/TSP patients compared with all other categories (OR 14.1 p<0.0001) and non-African/Afro-Caribbean ethnicity subjects (OR 4.2; p=0.019) whilst age was significantly associated with bronchiectasis (p=0.002). PEFR (4.96 l/s vs. 6.77 l/s; p=0.0003), FEV1 (2.22 vs. 2.57; p=0.06) and KCO (1.35 s-1 vs. 1.59 s-1; p=0.0029) were all lower in SPs (n-27) compared with ACs (n-33) with a negative correlation between VL and PEFR (rr-0.25).
Conclusion
Bronchiectasis was common in the cohort and therefore HTLV serology should be considered in patients with bronchiectasis. Patients with non-pulmonary HTLV-1-associated disease are more likely to have an additional diagnosis of bronchiectasis and obstructive lung disease pattern than ACs suggesting an inflammatory aetiology.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Honarbakhsh, S., Taylor, G.P. HTLV-1 and bronchiectasis in a UK cohort, report and review. Retrovirology 11 (Suppl 1), P11 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-11-S1-P11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-11-S1-P11