Figure 2

High plasma Galectin-9 concentration in early HIV-1 infection. (A) Dot plots represent the logarithmic concentration of soluble Gal-9 in the plasma of 9 healthy individuals, 11 subjects with early untreated HIV-1 infection, 15 with HAART-treated HIV-1 infection, and 47 untreated individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection, including 16 viremic controllers (blue), 15 elite controllers (green), and 16 subjects with chronic untreated progressive HIV-1 infection (red), as determined by ELISA. (B) Positive correlation between the logarithmic viral load and the logarithmic concentration of soluble Gal-9 in the plasma of 73 HIV-1 individuals, including 11 subjects with early infection, 16 viremic controllers, 15 elite controllers, 16 subjects with chronic untreated, and 15 with treated HIV-1 infection. (C) Inverse correlation between the CD4+ T cell counts and the concentration of soluble Gal-9 in the plasma of 69 HIV-1 individuals, including 7 subjects with early infection, 16 viremic controllers, 15 elite controllers, 16 subjects with chronic untreated, and 15 with treated HIV-1 infection. CD4-T cell counts were not available for 4 subjects with early HIV-1 infection at the exact date of the sample draw.