Figure 1
From: Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in central memory CD4+T cells through TLR-1/2 stimulation
Reactivation of latent HIV-1 through toll-like receptors agonists. (A) Cultured TCM were treated with the toll-like receptors agonists indicated between parentheses for different TLRs or costimulated with αCD3/αCD28 and assessed for intracellular p24Gag expression by flow cytometry. Experiments were done in 5 different donors. Each dot represents a different donor and mean and SD are indicated with horizontal lines. Significance was calculated by 2-tailed paired samples t test analysis (P vales provided). (B) Cultured TCM were treated with different TLR-2 agonists indicated between parentheses or costimulated with αCD3/αCD28 and assessed for intracellular p24Gag expression by flow cytometry. Experiments were done in 3 donors from A. Significance was calculated by 2-tailed paired samples t test analysis (P vales provided). (C) Cultured TCM were stained with specific antibodies against TLR-1 and TLR-2 (open black histogram) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Isotype controls were used as control (closed grey histogram). The percentage of TLR-1 and TLR-2 positive cells is indicated in each panel. (D) Ex vivo isolated memory CD4+ T cells were stained with specific antibodies against CCR7, CD27, TLR-1 and TLR-2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of TLR-1 and TLR-2 was analyzed in each subset of memory CD4+ T cells (open black histogram). Isotype controls were used as control (closed grey histogram). The percentage of TLR-1 and TLR-2 positive cells in each subset is indicated in each panel. (E) Cells isolated from seven aviremic patients were treated with Pam3CSK4 or Panobinostat and the levels of HIV-1 US RNA were measured three days later. Each symbol corresponds to a different patient. Data is represented as fold induction over the IL-2 treatment control (F) Cells isolated from three aviremic patients were treated with IL-2, Pam3CSK4 or PHA for 24 hours and supernatants were subject to the Q-VOA assay.