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Table 3 Non-parametric Friedman test on HERV and cytokines expression in PBMCs exposed in vitro to Efavirenz

From: Modulation of human endogenous retroviruses and cytokines expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from autistic children and their parents

  

HERV-H

HERV-K

HEMO

HERV-W

pHERV-W

IL-1β

IL-6

IL-8

IL-10

TNF-α

INF-γ

Children

ST vs EFV 1 μM

–

0.010

0.023

0.041

–

–

–

–

–

-

0.030

CI

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.027

 

EFV 1 μM vs EFV2.5 μM

–

–

0.022

0.016

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Children

ST vs EFV 1 μM

0.040

–

0.042

0.016

0.010

0.036

–

–

–

–

–

ASD

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

0.012

0.021

0.046

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.0

–

0.002

–

<0.001

–

 

EFV 1 μM vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.029

–

Mothers

ST vs EFV 1μM

0.022

0.010

0.006

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CI

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

0.001

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 

EFV 1 μM vs EF V2.5 μM

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Mothers

ST vs EFV 1 μM

0.005

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.002

–

–

ASD

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

< 0.001

< 0.001

–

–

< 0.001

<0.001

0.002

–

< 0.001

0.005

–

 

EFV 1 μM vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

-

–

–

< 0.001

0.032

–

–

-

–

–

Fathers

ST vs EFV 1 μM

–

-

–

0.010

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

CI

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

0.023

0.026

0.004

0.002

–

–

0.030

–

–

–

–

 

EFV 1 μM vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

-

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Fathers

ST vs EFV 1 μM

–

0.002

–

0,021

–

–

–

0.050

–

–

–

ASD

ST vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

0.007

–

0.047

–

–

–

0.043

–

–

–

 

EFV 1 μM vs EFV 2.5 μM

–

-

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. HERVs human endogenous retroviruses, PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IL- Interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, INF interferon, CI control individuals, ASD autism spectrum disorder, T0 basaline, NS not stimulated, ST stimulated, VPA Valproic acid, EFV efavirenz