Fig. 1

Vpx is a broad antagonist of NF-κB. A TNF-α qRT‐PCR from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) infected for 48 h with SIVsm or SIVsmΔVpx (1.5 U/ml RT). B IL-8 qRT‐PCR from MDM infected for 48 h with SIVsm or SIVsmΔVpx (1.5 U/ml RT). C TNF-α qRT‐PCR from MDM transduced for 24 h with VLPs −/+ Vpx (3 U/ml RT) followed by stimulation with 1 ng/ml LPS for 24 h. D NF-κB reporter activity from HEK293T cells transfected for 24 h with 25, 50 or 100 ng SIVmac Vpx or EV control (100 ng) per well and then stimulated for 8 h with 10 ng/ml TNF-α. E NF-κB reporter activity from HEK293T cells transfected for 24 h with 25, 50 or 100 ng SIVmac Vpx or EV control (100 ng) per well and then stimulated for 8 h with 1 ng/ml IL-1β. F NF-κB reporter activity from HEK293T cells transfected for 24 h with 25, 50 or 100 ng SIVmac Vpx or EV control (100 ng) per well and then stimulated for 12 h with 2.0 HA U/ml Sendai virus (SeV). G NF-κB reporter activity from HEK293T cells co-transfected for 24 h with 50 ng SIVmac Vpx or EV control plus 0, 1.5, 3 or 6 ng each of FLAG-cGAS and FLAG-STING per well. H CXCL-10 qRT-PCR from HEK293T cells co-transfected for 24 h with 50 ng SIVmac Vpx or EV control plus 0, 1.5, 3 or 6 ng each of FLAG-cGAS and FLAG-STING per well. I NF-κB reporter activity from HEK293T cells transfected for 24 h with 1.5 ng FLAG-cGAS and FLAG-STING per well and then infected for 24 h with SIVsm or SIVsmΔVpx (1.0 U/ml RT). Data are mean ± SD, n = 3, representative of at least 3 repeats. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t‐test, with Welch’s correction where appropriate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001