Fig. 4

ATE1 expression levels in HIV-1 producer cells influence the core stability of progeny viruses. A–C Effect of ATE1 expression levels in viral producer cells on the fate of CA core of progeny viruses [(A, B) the viruses produced from ATE1-knockdown cells, (C) the viruses produced from ATE1 overexpression cells]. Fate-of-capsid assay was performed in accordance with the method of Sodroski [36]. The amount of CA cores presented in the cytosol was analyzed Western blotting (A) or ELISA (B and C) for the CA proteins. The value in the control experiment was set as 100%. The significance of difference (Student’s t-test) is indicated as follows: **p < 0.01; n.s. not significant. The mean values of at least three independent experiments are shown. The error bars denote the standard deviation