Fig. 2

Humanized Mouse Model for Testing Drug Efficacy in Setting of Co-infection. A Experimental design for study to test potential for Mtb infection to alter ART efficacy in HIS mice with HIV infection. Humanized mice (n = 10) were infected i.v. with 2500 TCID₅₀ HIV-1 JR-CSF. At 5 weeks following HIV infection, plasma samples were analyzed for presence of HIVp24 capsid protein. Subsequently, mice were infected with PBS (mock, n = 5) or 10² CFU of Mtb H37Rv (n = 5) for another 5 wk. ART was begun in both groups 1 wk post-infection with Mtb. B Shown is production of HIV p24 capsid protein as detected in serum with a diagnostic ELISA at 5 wk p.i. with HIV, and following 3 and 5 wk of ART treatment. ART was delivered by daily i.p. injection of Emtricitabine (140-200 mg/kg body weight), Raltegravir (56-80 mg/kg body weight), and Tenofovir (146-208 mg/kg body weight). The HIV p24 capsid protein was detected using a commercially available ELISA (Zeptometrix) and results are shown as pg/ml of plasma. Significant differences between post-infection and post-ART treatment are indicated with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001