Fig. 4

Comparison of Gag-protease-driven VRC by geographic region and HIV-1 subtype. a Prevalent chronically infected patient-derived gag-protease chimeric viruses from West Africa have significantly higher VRC compared to those from East Africa. b The predominant subtype in West Africa (CRF02_AG) displayed higher VRC than the predominant subtype (A1) in East Africa. c, d There was no significant difference in VRC between subtype A viruses from West and East Africa, and neither between subtype D viruses from West and East Africa. e, f Significant differences in VRC were observed between subtypes in both West Africa and East Africa. In panel E, the significant differences between A1 and the other subtypes were also observed between A3/CRF22_01A1 and the other subtypes used in the analysis. In all panels, the Mann Whitney U test was used for two group comparisons, and ANOVA was used where more than two groups were compared. The Mann–Whitney and ANOVA p values are shown, while the Tukey multiple comparison test p values are indicated with asterisks, where *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 and ***p < 0.0001. CRFs are represented by their respective numbers (CRF02_AG, CRF11_cpx, CRF22_01A1)