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Fig. 2 | Retrovirology

Fig. 2

From: Hypericin-photodynamic therapy inhibits the growth of adult T-cell leukemia cells through induction of apoptosis and suppression of viral transcription

Fig. 2

Hypericin-PDT induced apoptosis in ATL cells. a Hypericin-PDT apoptotic effects on cellular morphology of HPB-ATL-T and TL-Om1 cells by light microscopy. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of hypericin for 16 h followed by irradiation for 30 min. The cells were further incubated for 24 h and cellular morphology was examined for each treatment, b apoptotic nuclei of HPB-ATL-T cells evaluated using fluorescence microscopy with AO (blue)/EB (red) double staining. c Representative flow-cytometric dot plot analysis of apoptosis after Annexin V-FITC/PI staining in HPB-ATL-T and TL-Om1 cells treated with hypericin-PDT. The percentages of each fraction are shown. Three major populations of cells can be observed in the cytotoxicity assay: Annexin V−/PI− cells are defined as live cells, Annexin V+/PI− cells as apoptotic cells and PI+ as dead cells (late apoptotic or necrotic), d effects of hypericin-PDT on changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in HPB-ATL-T and TL-Om1 cells. Representative flow cytometric dot plots in different groups. The percentages of JC-1 monomer are shown

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