Fig. 4

ERT activity comparison between HIV-1 89.6 viruses produced from primary macrophages with and without dN treatment. Primary macrophages were pre-treated with dNs (2.5 mM) for 3 h, and then infected the treated macrophages with an equal p24 level of dual tropic HIV-1 89.6 in triplicates. The remaining uninfected viruses were washed at 9 h post infection. The infected macrophages were cultured for 10 days post infection. The produced viruses were harvested at every 2 days, and total viral nucleic acids were extracted and used for measuring the ERT activity of the viral particles produced from dN (−) (red line) and dN (+) (blue line) treated macrophages for a early, b middle, and c late RT products. The data are the mean of three independent experiments with qPCR performed in duplicate, and error bars represent the standard error of the mean. ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001