Characteristics | Hu-PBMC-NSG mice | Hu-CD34-NSG mice | Bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mice | Macaques |
---|---|---|---|---|
Construction | Injection of expanded human PBMCs into NSG mice | Injection of fetal hu-CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells into newborn irradiated NSG mice | Injection of fetal hu-CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells into newborn irradiated NSG mice, along with surgical implantation of autologous thymus and liver tissue | Not needed |
Antibody immunogenicity | (+) No strong anti-drug antibody response, permitting sustained antibody expression | (+) No strong anti-drug antibody response, permitting sustained antibody expression | (+) No strong anti-drug antibody response, permitting sustained antibody expression | (−) Strong anti-drug antibody responses, which is not fully resolved with antibody simianization |
Immune functionality | (−) Activated human T-cell engraftment, but largely lacking other lineages, no hematopoietic regenerative source, no HLA-restriction, and no primary immune response | (-) Multi-lineage hematopoiesis with functional human T cell compartment that is mouse H2-restricted, but inconsistent humoral and Fc receptor effector responses | (+/−) Multi-lineage hematopoiesis with functional human T cell compartment that is HLA-restricted, but inconsistent humoral and Fc receptor effector responses | (+/−) Functional immune system, but is simian |
Model longevity | (−) Up to 8 weeks due to GvHD | (+) Up to a year | (+) Up to a year | (+) Many years |
HIV replication | (+) Supports HIV replication | (+) Supports HIV replication | (+) Supports HIV replication | (−) Does not support HIV replication (have to use either SIV or SHIV) |
Challenge routes | (−) Intravenous only | (−) Intravenous only | (+) Intravenous, Intravaginal, Intrarectal | (+) Intravenous, Intravaginal, Intrarectal |
Genetic homogeneity | (+) Genetic homogeneity within cohort with same graft, increasing reproducibility | (+) Genetic homogeneity within cohort with same graft, increasing reproducibility | (+) Genetic homogeneity within cohort with same graft, increasing reproducibility | (+/−) Genetic diversity, which can complicate analysis with small numbers |
Similarity to human physiology and size | (−) Less | (−) Less | (−) Less | (+) More |
Costs | (+) Lowest cost | (+) Low cost | (+/−) Moderate cost, but requires surgery | (−) High cost |