Fig. 3

Factors associated with bNAb development, and how to leverage these factors in vaccination strategies. During infection, both the virus and the antibodies evolve rapidly through relatively random genetic variation. BNAb development is associated with factors likely increasing the chances of a productive encounter between rare low-affinity B-cells with unusual features, and rare Env variants with unusual characteristics. High antigen concentration (1), larger B cell repertoire (2a), antigen diversity (3), and increased germinal center activity (2b) are all factors that may be enhanced in vaccine design