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Table 2 Retroviral and host LncRNA

From: Non-coding RNAs and retroviruses

 

Virus

Name

Viral targets

Cellular targets

Function

References

Viral lncRNA

HIV-1

HIV-1-encoded antisense RNA

HIV-1 5′ LTR

 

Alter the epigenetic landscape and silence the HIV-1 promoter

[84]

 

HERV-H

HERVH RNA

 

p300, OCT4

Activate neighboring genes and in turn regulating pluripotency-related genes

[93]

 

HTLV-1

HBZ

 

E2F1

Promote T cell proliferation

[97, 98]

Host lncRNA

 

NRON

Tat

NFAT

Induce the degradation of Tat and contribute to HIV-1 latency; suppress NFAT-mediated viral gene activation

[132, 135]

  

NEAT1

HIV-1 unspliced RNAs

p54nrb, PSF, Matrin3, RBM14

Inhibit nucleus-to-cytoplasm export of Rev-dependent instability element (INS)-containing HIV-1 mRNAs

[104, 106, 108,109,110]

  

7SK snRNA

 

P-TEFb

Negatively regulate HIV-1 Tat transcriptional activation by specifically sequestering P-TEFb

[111, 112]

  

7SL RNA

HIV-1 Gag

APOBEC3G

Enable efficient packaging of APOBEC3G into virions

[128]