Non-coding RNAs and retroviruses

Retrovirology

Table 1 Retroviral and host microRNA

	Virus	Name	Viral target(s)	Cellular target(s)	Function	References
Viral microRNA	HIV-1	miR-H3	HIV-1 5′ LTR TATA box		Enhance HIV-1 5′ LTR transcription	[77]
		TAR-derived miRNA		ERCC1, IER3, Caspase 8, Aiolos, Ikaros, Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23	Protect the infected cells from apoptosis, maintain balance between apoptosis and cell survival	[70, 71, 75, 76]
		miR-N367	Nef		Block HIV-1 Nef expression	[72]
		vmiRNA#1-5		Predicted	Unknown	[68]
	BLV	B1-5		Bovine HBP1, PXDN	Mimic host miR-29, tumorigenesis	[66]
	BFV	miR-BF2-5p miR-BF1-5p miR-BF1-3p			Unknown	[85]
	ALV-J	E (XSR) miRNA			Unknown, possible roles in myeloid leukosis associated with ALV-J	[86]
Host microRNA		miR-29a miR-29b miR-149 miR-378 miR-324-5p	HIV-1 Nef, Vpr, Env, Vif transcripts		Downregulate the expression of Nef protein and interfere with HIV-1 replication	[119,120,121]
		miR-326	Nef ORF located in the 3′ U3 of HIV-1 transcripts		Moderate HIV-1 replication in human cells	[122]
		miR-423 miR-301a miR-155	HIV-1 genome		Repress viral gene expression	[123]
		miR-28 miR-125b miR-150 miR-223 miR-382	HIV-1 mRNA 3′ ends		Contribute to HIV-1 latency	[46]
		miR-146		CXCR4	Inhibit HIV-1 infection	[47, 48]
		miR-155		ADAM10, TNPO3, Nup153, LEDGF/p75	Inhibit HIV-1 infection	[60]
		miR-198		Cyclin T1 mRNA	Restrict HIV-1 replication in monocytes	[102]
		Let-7i		IL-2 promoter TATA box	Activate IL-2 transcription, involved in HIV-1 infection-induced CD4⁺ T cell depletion	[78, 137]

ISSN: 1742-4690