Fig. 1

SIV-infection of aged macaques of Chinese origin has significant viremia. Timeline of cognitive testing, infection and CART (a). The proportion of CD4+ lymphocytes declines slightly in aged macaques of Chinese origin but recovers after CART. Longitudinal median ± standard error of peripheral blood proportions for CD4+ lymphocytes (b) and CD8+ lymphocytes (c) in SIV-infected and mock-infected aged RM-Ch. Plasma (d) and CSF (g) SIV viral loads from 7 SIV-infected macaques that did not receive treatment show significant viral replication. Plasma (e) and CSF (h) SIV viral loads from 5 SIV-infected macaques that received CART at 38 wpi show decreased viral replication during the treatment period. Median plasma (f) and mean CSF (i) SIV viral load of SIV-infected macaques that received CART compared to macaques that did not. The bars in (f) represent the upper and lower values. Asterisks indicate P < 0.05 for indicated time points. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for (b), (c), (f), and (i). The green shaded area represents the period macaques received CART