Fig. 7

HIV-1 RNA, DNA and host gene expression in human brain during ART. HIV-infected patients receiving effective ART were followed for > 90 months before brain tissue was obtained by autopsy (Pt-1) (a) or by surgical resection for epilepsy (Pt-2) (b). c Viral RNA and d total viral DNA were quantified by droplet digital PCR in brain tissues from uninfected patients (HIV − ve) and from Pt-1 and Pt-2. e Integrated proviral DNA was measured in brain by real-time PCR using specific primers and probe to HIV-1 LTR following pre-amplification with an alu-gag primer pair. f CD68, g CD3E and h IL1B transcript levels were measured in brain tissue by RT-PCR. Results represent mean of ± SEM