Fig. 6

HIV-1 and human RNA and DNA in brains from BLT mice. Four experimental groups of BLT mice were examined including uninfected (HIV[−]), HIV-infected/PBS-treated (HIV[+]), HIV-infected/ART-treated (HIV[+]/ART) and HIV-infected/ART-interrupted (HIV[+]/ART-interrupt). The mice in the HIV[+] group were infected at different TCID₅₀/animal as well as for different durations [two mice were infected at 50,000 TCID₅₀/animal for 8 weeks without viral detection and then re-infected at 50,000 TCID₅₀/animal for another 4 weeks (asterisk); two other mice were infected at 50,000 TCID₅₀/animal for 13 weeks (open square); five mice were infected at 100,000 TCID₅₀/animal for 7 weeks (filled square)]. For the ART-interrupt group (HIV[+]/ART-interrupt), animals were infected and treated for 2 weeks (between weeks 4–6 or 8–10), after which ART was stopped and animals were sacrificed at 13 weeks post-infection. a Human CD45 DNA (copy numbers/g of tissue) was detected in all animals’ brains and did not differ across experimental groups. b Human CD68 transcript was also detected in all animals but increased in the HIV[+]/ART-interrupt group. c Human CD3E was detected in all experimental groups. d HIV-1 RNA was detected in plasma in the HIV[+] and HIV[+]/ART-interrupt groups. e All brains from the HIV[+] and HIV[+]/ART-interrupt groups showed detectable HIV-1 RNA. f HIV-1 DNA was detected in brains from the HIV[+] and HIV[+]/ART-interrupt groups. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001