Fig. 1

R848 prevents the infection of monocytes by HIV-1 and HIV-2. a Non-stimulated PBMCs from three donors (one bar represents one donor) were untreated (−) or treated for 24 h with 10 µM R848 (blue) or 100 U/mL IFNα and then infected with HIV-1 luciferase reporter virus lacking (HIV1) or containing packaged Vpx (HIV1 X+). Uninfected (mock) or nevirapine (NVP) treated cells were included as controls. After 72 h luciferase activity was measured. b Non-stimulated PBMCs were infected with HIV-1 GFP reporter virus containing (HIV1 X+) or lacking (HIV1) Vpx. After 72 h the cells were stained with Alexa700-anti-CD4, APC-anti-CD3 and PE-anti-CD14 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. c Monocytes from three donors were treated with R848 (blue) and infected with reporter virus as in (a). d Monocytes from 15 healthy donors were treated (blue squares) or untreated (black dots) with 10 µM R848 and then infected with Vpx-containing luciferase reporter virus (***p = 0.0004). e, f Monocytes were treated or untreated with R848 (−) for 24 h and then infected with wild-type or delta Vpx HIV-2 GFP reporter virus (HIV2) (e) or Vpx-containing (HIV1 X+) or lacking (HIV1) HIV-1 GFP reporter virus (f). Uninfected cells serve as control (mock). After 72 h, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. g Summary of 3 healthy donors infected as in e; *p = 0.0175. h Summary of 3 healthy donors infected as in (f); ***p = 0.0008