Fig. 3
IL-1β increases HIV-1 accumulation in CIHPs. a Time and b dose response of IL-1β gene expression in unstimulated (Ctrl) and rhIL-1β treated CIHPs. Results are expressed as relative fold change in rhIL-1β treated cells versus Ctrl and normalized to GAPDH gene expression (N = 3). c Statistical histogram graph showing the IL-1β gene expression in CIHPs untreated (Ctrl), treated with rhIL-1β alone (25 ng/mL) for 16 h or incubated with HIV-1 either alone (6, 24 h) or with IL-1β (6, 24 h). Results are expressed as fold change of IL-1β gene expression in treated cells versus Ctrl and normalized to the GAPDH gene expression (N = 5). d Statistical histogram graph showing the amount of IL-1β protein secretion by CIHPs primed with rhIL-1β (25 ng/mL) and subsequently incubated with HIV-1 for 6 h compared to their counterparts incubated with rhIL-1β alone, HIV-1 alone or untreated cells (Ctrl) (N = 5). e Time course experiments showing HIV-1 accumulation in CIHPs either untreated (Ctrl) or pre-stimulated with rhIL-1β (25 ng/mL) for 16 h and followed by incubation with HIV-1 at different time points (3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h). Results are expressed as relative fold change of HIV-1 DNA RU5 in HIV-1 treated cells compared to their HIV-1 untreated counterparts for both experimental settings and normalized to GAPDH gene (N = 5). f Statistical histogram graph showing the rescue of infectious HIV-1 by CD4pos T lymphocytes co-cultured for 3 and 5 days with HIV-1-pulsed CIHPs either primed or none (Ctrl) with rhIL-1β. Since HIV-1 internalization in human podocytes is characterized by an abortive HIV-1 infection, cell lysates were collected and analyzed by qPCR for HIV-1 Gag gene not present in podocytes and indicative of a productive infection in CD4pos T cells. Results are expressed as relative fold change of DNA HIV-1 Gag copies in rhIL-1β treated compared to Ctrl and normalized to DNA copies of GAPDH gene (N = 5). P values: *<0.05, **<0.01