Fig. 1

Anti-HIV-1 activity of clofarabine in primary human activated CD4⁺ T cells and monocyte derived macrophages. a The structure of clofarabine. b Clofarabine inhibition (blue lines) and cytotoxicity (red lines) on activated CD4⁺ T cells of 5 healthy donors. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of clofarabine for 8 h, washed with PBS, and then infected with pseudotyped HIV-1, (inhibition) or cultured with media (cytotoxicity). Analysis was conducted at 72 h post-infection via flow cytometry (inhibition) or XTT assay (cytotoxicity). The IC₅₀ is 60.3 nM with a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of 24.1–96.5 nM; the CC₅₀ is 854.2 nM with a 95 % CI of 712.6–995.8 nM. c The clofarabine inhibition (blue lines) and cytotoxicity curves (red lines) for monocyte-derived macrophages of 5 healthy donors. Macrophages were treated as described for T cells except analysis was at 5 days post infection. IC₅₀ = 21.6 nM (95 % CI 17.4–25.8 nM): CC₅₀ = 6.8 μM (95 % CI 3.2–9.4 μM). d Selectivity Index (SI) difference between activated CD4⁺ T cells and macrophages. SI values were determined by dividing the average CC₅₀ of five donors by the average IC₅₀ of five donors