Fig. 3

Representative averaged force–distance curves for CA assemblies (solid lines). The cantilever deflection curves (dotted lines) were obtained by acquiring force–distance curves of the glass substrate. All stiffness analyses were calculated at a maximal loading force that corresponds to 4 nm indentation depths (double arrowhead line). Stiffness values were calculated by fitting a linear function to the force curve region bounded by 3 and 4 nm indentation depths. The corresponding line fit is plotted in red