Fig. 4

HAMB increase CCR5 expression on LP CD4 T cells. LPMC (n = 6) were exposed to High abundance or Low abundance HAMB species or to control bacteria (E. coli, B. infantis) (2.5 bacteria: 1 LPMC) for 5 days. LPMC were harvested and expression levels of HIV-1 co-receptors CCR5 and CD4 on LP CD4 T cells determined using flow cytometry. a Representative gating strategy illustrating CCR5 and CD4 expression on viable LP CD4 T cells in presence or absence of bacteria. b Expression levels (Mean fluorescence intensity; MFI) of CCR5 on CD4 LP T cells. Isotype control values have been subtracted (net MFI). c CD4 expression levels (MFI) on LP CD4 T cells. Values are shown as ‘box and whisker’ with the box extending from the 25th to 75th percentile, the line in the box indicating the median value and the whiskers indicating maximum and minimum values. White box indicates no bacteria, light gray boxes indicate HAMB species and dark gray boxes indicate control bacteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon matched–pairs signed rank test comparing CCR5 or CD4 expression levels on LP CD4 T cells induced in response to bacteria to no bacteria. *p < 0.05, ^#p = 0.06. Legend details the abbreviations used for each bacteria (x axis)