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Table 3 Distribution of simian foamy virus in captive and wild caught neotropical monkeys from Peru

From: Wide distribution and ancient evolutionary history of simian foamy viruses in New World primates

Origin

Family

Scientific name

Common name

n

Serology

PCR

EIA (%)

WB (%)

141-bp pol (%)

495-bp pol (%)

Illegal trade market

Atelidae

Ateles paniscus chamek

Peruvian spider monkey

1

0/1

ND

0/1

0/1

Lagothrix lagotricha

Common wooly monkey

2

0/2

ND

0/1

0/1

Cebidae

Aotus species

Owl monkey

1

1/1 (100)

1/1 (100)

0/1

0/1

Cebus albifrons

White-fronted capuchin

2

1/2 (50)

1/1 (100)

0/2

0/2

Saguinus fusicollis

Brown mantled tamarin

1

–a

–

0/1

0/1

Saguinus species

Tamarin

1

–

–

0/1

0/1

Saimiri sciureus

Common squirrel monkey

4

–

–

1/4 (25)

1/4 (25)

Pitheciidae

Pithecia monachus

Geoffrey’s Monk saki

1

1/1 (100)

1/1 (100)

0/1

0/1

Subtotals

   

13

3/7 (42.6)

3/3 (100)

1/12 (8.3)

1/12 (8.3)

Rescue centers

Atelidae

Alouatta seniculus

Howler monkey

2

–

–

0/2

ND

 

Ateles bezelbuth

Long-haired spider monkey

1

0/1

NDb

ND

ND

 

Ateles paniscus chamek

Peruvian spider monkey

28

2/14 (14.3)

2/2 (100)

1/16 (6.3)

3/3 (100)

 

Lagothrix lagotricha

Common wooly monkey

39

8/36 (22.2)

8/8 (100)

1/5 (20)

2/2 (100)

Cebidae

Cebus albifrons

White-fronted capuchin

2

–

–

0/2

ND

 

Cebus apella

Tufted capuchin

4

1/2 (50)

0/1

0/3

0/1

 

Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis

Peruvian squirrel monkey

2

–

–

1/2 (50)

1/1 (100)

Subtotals

   

78

11/53 (20.7)

10/11 (90.9)

3/30 (10)

6/7 (85.7)

Zoos

Atelidae

Alouatta seniculus

Howler monkey

3

3/3 (100)

3/3 (100)

1/3 (33.3)

1/3 (33.3)

 

Ateles belzebuth

Long-haired spider monkey

3

0/3

ND

ND

ND

 

Ateles paniscus chamek

Peruvian spider monkey

7

5/6 (83.3)

4/4 (100)

1/2 (50)

0/1

 

Ateles paniscus

Red-faced spider monkey

1

0/1

ND

ND

ND

 

Ateles species

Spider monkey

2

0/2

ND

ND

ND

 

Lagothrix cana

Peruvian wooly monkey

2

2/2 (100)

2/2 (100)

0/2

ND

 

Lagothrix lagotricha

Common wooly monkey

14

6/14 (42.8)

5/6 (83.3)

3/11 (27.3)

2/11 (18.2)

Cebidae

Aotus nancymae

Peruvian red-necked owl monkey

1

0/1

0/1

ND

ND

 

Aotus nigriceps

Peruvian night owl monkey

2

0/2

0/2

ND

ND

 

Aotus species

Owl monkey

3

0/3

ND

ND

ND

 

Callithrix pygmea

Pygmy marmoset

1

1/1 (100)

0/1

–

–

 

Cebus albifrons

White-fronted capuchin

7

3/7 (42.8)

2/4 (50)

0/3

ND

 

Cebus apella

Tufted capuchin

40

29/32 (90.6)

29/29 (100)

11/36 (30.6)

4/13 (30.8)

 

Saguinus fusicollis

Brown mantled tamarin

15

0/3

ND

0/12

ND

 

Saguinus labiatus

Red-bellied tamarin

1

1/1 (100)

1/1 (100)

–

–

 

Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis

Peruvian squirrel monkey

4

0/4

ND

ND

ND

 

Saimiri sciureus

Common squirrel monkey

6

0/6

0/6

ND

ND

 

Saimiri species

Squirrel monkey

1

1/1 (100)

0/1

–

–

Pitheciidae

Callicebus discolor

Red titi monkey

1

0/1

0/1

–

–

 

Callicebus oenanthe

Rio Mayo titi monkey

1

–

–

0/1

ND

 

Callicebus species

Titi monkey

1

0/1

0/1

–

–

 

Pithecia monachus

Geoffrey’s Monk saki

3

0/3

ND

ND

ND

Subtotals

   

119

51/97 (52.5)

46/62 (74.2)

16/65 (24.6)

7/28 (25)

Totals

   

210

65/157 (41.4)

59/76 (77.6)

20/107 (18.7)

14/55 (25.5)

  1. All monkeys at the wet markets and rescue centers were wild caught
  2. WB western blot testing
  3. aDashes indicate either serum or FTA specimens were not available for testing
  4. bND, testing not done based on EIA results and/or availability of certain specimen types, i.e. WB testing not done on EIA-negative and/or if FTA cards were not collected for nucleic acid preparation