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Figure 2 | Retrovirology

Figure 2

From: Reactivation of latent HIV-1 provirus via targeting protein phosphatase-1

Figure 2

Activation of HIV-1 infection and gene expression by SMAPP1 in PBMCs. a, b Activation of one round HIV-1 infection. PBMCs obtained from a Caucasian donor (a) or African American donor (b) were stimulated with PHA and IL-2 and then infected with VSVG-pseudotyped pNL4-3.Luc.R-E- (HIV-1 Luc) virus for 18 h. After that the cells were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of SMAPP1. Then the cells were lyzed and luciferase activity was measured. c, d SMAPP1 induced HIV-1 mRNA expression in PBMCs. PBMCs obtained from a Caucasian donor (c) or African American donor (d) were stimulated with PHA and IL-2 and then infected with HIV-1 Luc. The cells were left untreated, or treated with DMSO or 10 μM SMAPP1 diluted in DMSO. The cells were collected after 48 h in culture, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and analyzed with primers for HIV-1 env, gag and a portion of nef remaining in the HIV-1 Luc after the insertion of luciferase. Real-time PCR was carried on Roche 4800 using 18S RNA as a reference. The unpaired t test was used to determine statistical significance. Asterisks indicate p ≤ 0.05. e Toxicity of compounds for PBMCs. PBMCs were treated with the indicated concentrations of the compounds for 24 h. Toxicity of compounds was determined with trypan blue exclusion assay using an automated cell counter.

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