Figure 7

Nef induced Cav-1 phosphorylation in HAECs. a HAECs were grown to 80–90% confluence. After changing to fresh growth medium, HAECs were exposed to Nef for 0–60 min. Phosphorylation of Cav-1 (Tyr14) was determined by Western blotting. The blots are representative of three separate experiments. b Relative density of phosphorylation protein (Phos Cav-1/total Cav-1) is shown. c Increased ROS production in HAECs co-cultured with HIV infected HUT-78 cells at ratio of 1:5 for 3 h. d Increased ROS production in HAECs treated with Nef at different time points.