Figure 1

Distribution of HIV genome-wide diversity and phylogenetic tree. (A) Distribution plots of amino acid diversity in the HIV genome. The plots show the genomic diversity within HIV-1 infected patients (HIV-1 intra-patient, blue), within HIV-1 subtypes (HIV-1 intra-subtype, green), between HIV-1 subtypes (HIV-1 inter-subtype, red), between HIV-1 group M and group N (HIV-1 inter-group, yellow), between HIV-1 group M and group O/P (HIV-1 inter-group, black) and between HIV-1 and HIV-2 (pink). Distribution plots of nucleotide genomic diversity are shown in Additional file 1: Figure S2. (B) Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of HIV groups and pure subtypes. Green cones indicate HIV-1 subtypes in group M, while orange cones denote other HIV groups. All phylogenetic branches have bootstrap supports of more than 85% except one containing subtypes J, H and C. Branch lengths from the root to HIV-1 and HIV-2 are shortened for visualization purposes. SIV strains were not included in our phylogenetic tree. Visualization software: FigTree V1.4.0 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). (C) Distribution plots of amino acid diversity in 6 major HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs (B, A1, C, D, CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG). X- and y-axes indicate the amino acid diversity and the proportions of sequence pairs, respectively. Six subplots in the first and second rows show the intra-subtype amino acid diversity of 6 HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs. Three subplots in the third row show the distribution of inter-subtype genomic diversity (B vs A1, B vs C, B vs 01_AE). One genomic sequence per patient (Table 1) was used for our analysis. Distribution plots of the other inter-clade genomic diversity are shown in Additional file 1: Figure S3. (D) Average inter- and intra-clade genomic diversity of HIV-1 and HIV-2. The top right matrix demonstrates results for amino acid diversity, the bottom left matrix for nucleotide diversity. HIV subtypes and groups are shown on the left side of the matrix.