Table 1 Summary of principal findings on the role of PD-1 pathway in HIV/SIV infection
From: Role of PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway in HIV infection and potential therapeutic options
PD-1 expression on SIV/HIV-specific T cells | Cell types | Reference |
|---|---|---|
Highly regulated on SIV/HIV-specific CD8+ T cells | CD8+ T cells | |
PD-1 expression on SIV/HIV-specific CD4+ T cells | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | |
PD-1 is co-expressed with other co-inhibitory receptors | CD8+ and CD4+ T cells | |
PD-1 expression correlates with disease progression | CD8+ and CD4+ T cells | |
PD-1 expression on TFH cells | GC and CD4+ T cells | |
PD-1/PD-L1 expression on B cells during chronic HIV/SIV infection | ||
PD-1 is up-regulated on B cells during chronic SIV infection | Activated B cells | [10] |
PD-1 is up-regulated on B cells during HIV infection | B cells | |
PD-L1 up-regulated in B cells | B cells | [79] |
PD-L1 up-regulated in B regulatory cells | Bregs | [80] |
High expression of PD-L1 on germinal center B cells | GC B cells | |
No change in PD-L2 expression on B cells | B cells | |
PD-1/PD-L expression on innate immune cells during chronic HIV/SIV infection | ||
PD-L1 expression on DCs | PDCs and MDCs | |
PD-L1 expression on monocytes | Monocytes | |
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on macrophages | Macrophages | [87] |
PD-L1 expression on neutrophils | Neutrophils | [88] |
Effect PD-1 blockade during chronic HIV/SIV infection (both in vitro and in vivo indicated) | ||
PD-1 blockade enhances proliferation of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | |
PD-1 blockade enhances cytokines by HIV- or SIV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells | Cytokine+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | |
PD-1 blockade enhances SIV-ENV-specific antibody response | ENV-specific antibodies | |
PD-1 blockade in humanized mice model | CD4+ T cells | |
PD-1 PD-L1/L2 blockade enhances IgG production | GC B cells | [73] |