Figure 2
From: Role of PD-1 co-inhibitory pathway in HIV infection and potential therapeutic options
PD-1 blockade enhances both T and B cell responses during chronic HIV/SIV infection. PD-1 blockade mediated functional restoration of exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells gain their qualities to clear viral antigens and control chronic viral infection. Blockade of PD-1 in virus specific CD4+ T cells restore functions associated with CD8+ T cell help and B-cell activation. Impaired B cells restore functions and produce virus-specific antibody following in vivo PD-1 blockade.