Figure 3From: Human semen contains exosomes with potent anti-HIV-1 activitySemen exosomes inhibit HIV-1 replication. (A) TZM-bl cells were evaluated for cellular uptake of green fluorochrome-labelled SE by FACS. PKH67Green-labelled PBS (gray histogram) was used as control. (B) TZM-bl indicator cells challenged with HIV-1NL4.3 pre-incubated with PBS Vehicle or with 100 μg/ml individual donor SE, or pooled (n =20) SE. Infectivity was determined by luminescence output with control set at 100% infection. (C) TZM-bl indicator cells challenged with HIV-1NL4.3 pre-incubated with increasing concentrations (0-400 μg/ml) of SE and analyzed for infectivity by luminescence output. (D) TZM-bl cells were challenged with 100 μg/ml of SE pre-incubated with increasing concentrations (1 - 500 ng/ml p24) of HIV-1NL4.3. Infectivity was determined by luminescence output. (E) HIV-1NL4.3 was pre-incubated for 1 h with vehicle (gray bar, vehicle) or with SE (SE), or added simultaneously with SE (0 h), or added prior (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 24 h) to HIV-1 challenge. Infectivity on TZM-bl cells was measured by luminescence emission with vehicle set at 100% infection. (F) HIV-1NL4.3 was pre-incubated for 1 h with vehicle (gray bar, vehicle) or with SE (SE), or added directly to TZM-bl indicator cells at 1 h or 2 h post-infection. Infectivity was measured by luminescence emission with vehicle set at 100%. Student's t test was used for all samples, significance was taken at *P <0.05, **P <0.02. Experiments were repeated at least 3 times with similar results.Back to article page