Figure 5
A greater proportion of cells infected with HIV-1 NL4.3 express activated caspase 3 when cultured in media containing glucose compared with galactose. A. Scatter plots demonstrating the gating of p24Gag and activated caspase 3 positive populations of HIV-1 infected primary CD4+ T cells and CEM-ss cells. The data shown correspond to day 2 post infection, which represents 1 day of culturing in media containing 1 g/L galactose or glucose. B. The ratio of activated caspase 3 positive to negative cells after 24 hours of culturing in media containing galactose or glucose for primary CD4+ T cells from 3 different donors and CEM-ss cells. C. The ratio of phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1) positive to negative cells after 24 hours of culturing in media containing galactose or glucose for primary CD4+ T cells from 3 different donors and CEM-ss cells. D. Percentage of dead cells as determined by staining with propidium iodide of primary CD4+ T cells from three different donors and CEM-ss cells exposed to increasing concentrations of PAPANONOate for 24 hours in media containing galactose or glucose. Experiments with primary cells were performed once for each donor. Experiments with CEM-ss cells were performed in triplicate with the error bars indicating the standard deviation.