Figure 2

Faster rise in dNTPs after dual Vpx + VLP treatment in MDMs. (A) Diagram illustrating the experimental design. MDMs were treated with VLP on days 0 and 7, which were followed by cell collection for dNTPs over the next 48 h. (B-E) Analysis of dNTP concentrations using the RT-based assay. Significant differences in dATP (B) and dGTP (C) concentrations are shown when comparing the 2× Vpx- VLPs (yellow bars) and 2× Vpx + VLP (red bars) groups at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post VLP addition. dATP (A) and dGTP (B) show a peak at 8 h after VLP addition, while dCTP (C) and dTTP (D) appeared to peak 1–2 h after addition. Significant differences were determined first using one-way ANOVA, followed by comparing each group using Mann–Whitney analysis. ***denotes P < 0.001.